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Dorothea Lange
-migrant mother is one of a sets of photograph
-Her subject are homeless women, their children & migrant workers
-Her work was funded by federal agencies, such as the farm security administration
-The editor then told the federal authorities whom urged the government to rush to the camp to prevent starvation. -
Stock Market Crash ,B
-Warren G Harding campaign promised to return the US prewar mentally without the thought of war tainting the minds of American people.
-A return to the way of life before WW1.
-Foreign competition by means of tarries weaken import quotas or other restrictions or handicaps placed on the imports of foreign competitors. -
Stock Market Crash
-it was a result of various economic imbalances & structural failings.
-in 1920's, a rapid growth in bank credit & loans in the U.S.
-People who borrowed money were exposed & rush to sell shares & try to redeem their debts.
-Margin millionaires get wiped out when stock market fall.
-Stock market crash can be blamed on over exuberance & false expectation. -
Stock Market Crash, A
-Buying on the margin: meant people had to pay 10-20% of the value of the shares, you were borrowing 80-90% of the value of the shares.
--An example of buying on margin to get a loan from the bank to pay off another loan. -
Stock Market Crash, C
-Disposable income is the amount of money that households have available for spending
-people were spending instead of saving , when the market crashed all the people did a "bank run" to get more money
-The "bank run" caused the "bank failure" b/c the banks couldn't keep up with the peoples demands for money. -
Immigrants during the depression
-the stock market crashed in 1929 it caused high unemployment Americans panicked,they began to blame Mexican and European immigrants for their problems
-the U.S. deported about 1.5 million Mexicans and Europeans between 1929-1935
-president Hoover authorized a special Mexican reparation act to send Mexican Americans back to mexico -
Robert Taft ( New deal socialism)
-co-operating with conservative that opposed the new deal
-The republicans gains in the 1938 elections combined with the creation of the conservative j-had stopped the expansion of New Deal .
-Calling for economy in government, a balanced budget,& less centralization of power in the Nation's Capital. -
Dust Bowl
-human causes:farmers have been plowing the grasslands for crops in central planes and trapping underground water supplies
-natural causes:were ten year drought was occurring
-farmers had to move to California because their harvest was being destroyed
-the wind carried the top soil away this is why is called the dust bowl -
FDIC
-federal deposit insurance corporation
-the purpose was to provide stability to the economy and the failing bank system
-insure bank deposits so the people wont lose their savings in bank failure
-this was Roosevelt's reform of the new deal -
Period: to
New Deal
-The plan of "relief,recovery,and reform" was relief for the unemployed and poor,recovery of the economy to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
-The "New Deal" was a series of social liberal programs enacted in the united states.
-The "New Deal" produced a political realignment, making the democratic party the majority.
-Roosevelt explained his policies in simple conversational terms known as "fireside chats".he usually addressed the nation by radio -
Tennessee valley authority
-it was created by congressional in may 1933 to provide flood control, electricity generator & economic development during the depression
-This was president Roosevelt's New Deal for reform
-Largest public power company in the U.S. was the 5th largest river system.provides electricity for Tennessee but also parts of Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, north Carolina & Virginia
-Some feared the "TVA" was a form of socialism. -
securities & exchange commission
-The purpose of the SEC is protecting investor from dangerous or illegal financial practices of fraud
-The issue it addressed, was the fact that no one was watching the stock markets
-The effects of its passage was prevent another stock market collapse; in doing so,it evolved our markets into high-tech trading centers. -
21st Amendment
-Many people had simply refused to accept the alcohol
-Even president Harding died alcohol in the white house
-prohibition was replaced by 21st amendment
-The experience of prohibition demonstrate that unpopular laws was sometimes not enforced -
20th Amedment
-sets the dates at which Federal gov. elected offices end, also defines who succeeds the resident if the president dies
-cause:elected officials who had been replaced were offices longer than was necessary called "lame duck"
- more the new president from taking in offices in February back to January to lesson lame duck period- effect -
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
-its purpose was to help farmers by reducing productions of staple crops, taxes forced farmers to cut amounts they marketed
-The gov. even paid per farmers to grow crops so prices would not go up & help the land. -
Period: to
Franklin D. Roosevelt
-he defeated Herbert Hoover in the 1932 presidential election
-major issues were the cultural issues which have before dominated previous elections.the depression was the major concern during this election
-he took office during the great depression (1929-1939)
-the only thing we have to fear its fear itself.his meaning for the quote was that the fear they had was making things worse -
Gold River Act
-U.S. had a bi]-metallic system of money
-silver was also traded
-gold standard came to an end in 1933 when Roosevelt issued an Executive order outlawing the ownership of gold besides jewelry
-Roosevelt waned people to reply on "flat money" [paper money] -
Huey Long
-U.S. senator &former governor of Louisiana Huey Long promised to give each American family an income of $5000 a year, to be aid for by taxing the Rich long, was assassinated before he was able to mount his campaign against FDR -
Social Security Act
-In 1935 social security act was created for old age unemployed people who cant help there- self's the SSA was part of the 3R's of the new deal that "FDR" put in place b/c of the great depression
-relief,recovery,reform -
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill
-the reform Bill was frequently called the "court packing plan" was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. president Franklin D Roosevelt to + more justice to the U.S. supreme courts
-The Bill was to increase the number of U.S. supreme court justice then to bring in several new justice who would change the balance of opinion on the court
-Roosevelt failed many times to pass the law its failure exposed the limits of Roosevelt abilities to push Legislation through direct public appeal -
Grapes Of Wrath
-The grapes of wrath is an american realist novel written by John Steinbeck & published in 1939
-an Okie is a resident, native,or cultural(descendant of Oklahoma)
-the route 66 the main Hwy in the 1930's that connected the great plains to California
-migrants went to California in hopes to find jobs & places to work but when they got there the jobs were taken. -
William Randolph hearst
-hearst reputation suffered in the 1930's as his policy views changed in 1932
-he was a major supporter of the FDR
-his newspapers throughout 1933
-hearst broke with FDR in the spring of 1935
-president voted the patman bonus bill