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French invasion
In May 1808, the French invasion of Spanish territory led to the imposition by Napoleon Bonaparte of a replacement for the Spanish King Ferdinand VII, who had to abdicate, leaving the royal seat in the hands of his brother Joseph Bonaparte. -
Constitution Cadiz
It establishes the limited Monarchy, the exercise of the Legislative Power by elected Courts, an in-dependent administration of justice and, as a limitation to the public powers, fundamental human rights. It maintains, as explained by the circumstances of the time, the obligatory nature of the Catholic religion. -
Reign of Isabell ll of Spain
Isabella II of Spain reigned from 1833 to 1868. Her rule was marked by political turmoil, including the Carlist Wars, and frequent changes in government. Allegations of corruption and discontent with her rule led to her abdication during the Glorious Revolution of 1868. Isabella II went into exile, and the Spanish monarchy was later restored under her son, Alfonso XII, in 1874. -
Constitution of 1845
The Constitution of 1845 in Spain was enacted during the reign of Isabella II as part of efforts to establish a stable constitutional framework. However, it did not effectively address political challenges, and Spain experienced frequent changes in governance during this period. The constitution faced challenges and did not bring about the desired stability. For more detailed information, consulting historical and constitutional law sources is recommended. -
fall of the Narváez dictatorship and the restoration of democracy.
In 1850, there was neither a Narvaez-led dictatorship in Spain nor a process of restoration of democracy. This period was marked by political instability, leadership changes and conflicts in Spain, but no specific events related to a Narvaez dictatorship or the restoration of democracy are recorded at that time. -
Revolution of 1868
This revolution led to the overthrow of Isabel II and marked the end of the Bourbon monarchy for a brief period. A provisional government was established and the First Spanish Republic was proclaimed. -
Restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy (1874)
After a brief period of the First Republic, the monarchy was restored with Alfonso XII, son of Isabel II, in 1874. This period, known as the Restoration, sought to reestablish political stability in Spain. -
The stage of the Bourbon Restoration
In 1880, Spain was in the stage of the Bourbon Restoration, with Alfonso XII on the throne. During this period, political stability was sought through the "peaceful turn" between liberal and conservative parties. Despite some economic and social development, tensions and conflicts persisted, and Spain maintained colonies overseas, facing challenges in these regions. This period set the stage for the loss of the colonies in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. -
Spain continued under the Bourbon Restoration.
In 1890, Spain continued under the Bourbon Restoration, a period of political stability with alternation between liberal and conservative parties. Despite some economic development, regional tensions and social inequalities persisted. In addition, Spain faced challenges in its colonies, preluding the Spanish-American War of 1898, which would result in the loss of most of Spain's colonies. -
Spain lost its last colonies
In 1898, Spain lost its last colonies (Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico) after the defeat in the Spanish-American War. This loss triggered a national crisis, profoundly affected politics and society, and contributed to significant changes in the Spanish political system. The resulting crisis marked the end of the Bourbon Restoration and the beginning of debates on political and social reforms in Spain.