-
Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
Creator of the Anglican Church, England's church, with the monarch at its head -
1529
Rejection of Henry VIII's petition for divorce by the current Pope
The King's advisor, cardinal Wolsey, is replaced by Thomas Moore. -
1533
Act in Restraint Of Appeal
The King now has the legal power to annul his own marriage. -
1534
First Act of Supremacy
Establishment of the Anglican Church by Henry the VIII after the schism (separation from the Roman Catholic Church). The king is the new supreme Head of the Church of England. -
Apr 13, 1534
Act of Succession
Declaration ofmarriage with Catherine of Aragon made void and Ann Boleyn new legitimate queen. -
Period: 1536 to 1541
Seizure of the possessions of the Roman Catholic Church by the king
Monasteries in England are disbanded, their income is confiscated and their land which represents aproximately 25% of the English territory is taken by the king. -
1537
Circulation of the Bible in english
Circulation of the Bible in English is authorized and mandatory. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
Nicknamed The Young King because of his age: father died when he was 9, and died himself at 15 years old. -
1549
Revision of the mass book
The mass book is now called the book of Common Prayers, and now protestants rules. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
Nicknamed Bloody Mary, restored catholicism in England in eighteen months. -
1559
New Act of Supremacy
Second Act of Supremacy, instituted by Elizabeth I. Forced people with some sort of power to swear allegiance to the queen. -
1559
Act of Uniformity
Restored the Book of Common Prayers, banned by the previous queen. People who didn't attend the anglican service were fined. -
Period: 1559 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
Reign associated with England's golden age. Protestant, and had to appease years of religious tensions in England. -
1563
The 39 Articles of Faith
Written version of the doctrines of the Anglican Church -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
Plot led by two catholic Earls in order to replace the Queen with Mary Queen of Scots, her cousin. Did not succeed. -
1570
Elizabeth I's excommunication
Pius V writes a papal bull in which he states the queen excommunication. Indirectly says that killing Elizabeth is not a sin and you could still go to paradise if you did. -
1571
Treason Acts
Anyone saying Elizabeth wasn't the true Queen of England and Wales was deemed as a traitor. -
1581
The 1581 Act
New act represses catholics in England: death penalties to catholics and people who converted to catholicism, more fines, etc... -
Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots
Cousin of Elizabeth I, and threat to her: daughter of influencial people, raised in France as a catholic, widow of a catholic French king, many plots such as the Babington plot to replace the current queen by Mary Stuart. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
The nicknamed "invincible" armada of Philip II, king of Spain, loses to England's new fleet. -
Period: to
Reign of James I
First King of the Stuart era. Was proclaimed King of Scotland in 1567, and dreamed of having a perfect union between the two countries he was governing, to no success. -
The Gunpowder plot
Catholic conspiracy to blow up the King and the Parliament. -
The King James Bible
New English translation of the Bible. Only big reform James I ever made regarding the religious situation, despite the tensions. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years War
Elector Palatine, James I's son-in-law, intends to take the throne of Bohemia instead of the Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg. James supports his son-in-law, which causes England's debt to become even bigger. -
James I summons the Parliament to fund the war
Tensions between the King and the Parliament becomes more and more important, and James end up dissolving the Parliament. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
Ended up executed after the English Civil Wars, which he caused after his actions frustrated the Parliament. -
New parliament called, Petition of Rights
Forced Charles to recognize his illegal actions (taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial) and recognize the limits to his powers. Reluctantly signed it but was furious after the Parliament started discussing the impeachment of Buckingham, the King's military advisor and best friend. -
New Parliament called, ajourned after the Parliament started complaining again
MP were suspicious of the King's support of the Arminians and his attitude towards them. When the Parliament was ajourned, some MPs did not let the Speaker of the house end the Parliament. These MPs were imprisoned and the Personal Rule starts. -
Period: to
Personal Rule
Charles I governs without calling a Parliament for eleven years. -
Period: to
The Bishop Wars
The end of the Personal Rule. The religious reforms from Archbishop Laud set Scotland aflame. In order to gather money to fight the Scots, Charles summons the Parliament. The Parliament demanded the King to adress the grievances from the past eleven years first, which leads to its disolvment after three weeks. -
The Long Parliament
Treaty of Ripon, a peace treaty after the Scots victory against England. Charles summons the Parliament again to pay the scottish army. The Parliament isn't disolved before 1660, and serves as remedy for the past eleven years of grievances. The Parliamentnow has to take place every three years at least, and needs its consent to be disolved. -
The Irish Rebellion
Irish Catholics rebel against James I's plantation policy, and massacre three to four thousand people. Rumors say the Irish massacred and tortured more than two hundred thousand people. -
Militia Act
Army placed under the control of a general appointed by the Parliament, which takes away the King's ability to appoints who he wants. -
The great Remonstrance
Summarized Charles's wrongdoings, concluded on "revolutionary" demands. Divided the Parliament in two groups: the parlimentarians and the royalists. -
Charles marches into the House of Commons with the army
Wanted to impeach five MPs who he believeed were plotting against the Queen. -
Charles declares war on Parliament
-
Defeat of the royalist forces, Charles surrenders to the Scots
After getting handed to the Parliament, the King is seized by the parliamentarian army after not getting paid -
Arrest of forty five conservative MPs by colonel Pride
The remaining MPs, nicknamed the Rump Parliament, put the King on trial for high treason. -
Period: to
The second Civil War
Charles escapes from the army's custody in November 1647. The King allies himself with the Scots by promising to introduce presbytarianism to England, but gets defeated quickly by Cromwell. -
Abolishment of the House of Lords and of the monarchy, England is now a Commonwealth
-
Repression of Irish rebellions
Revenge for the rumors of Irish commited atrocities in 1641. Catholicism is forbidden, Irish priests are arrested and Irish Catholic lands are confiscated. -
Regicide, execution of Charles I
-
The Instrument of Government
The first and only written Constitution of England. -
The end of the Commonwealth
Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament and orders the MPs to leave -
The start of the Protectorate
Start of a military dictatorship, with Cromwell appointed as Lord Protector of England. -
Cromwell's death
-
The declaration of Breda
Charles II's Promise of general amnesty, religious toleration and power sharing with the Parliament, as long as he can sit on the throne. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles II
Not popular, nicknamed the Merry Monarch. Had to deal with disasters, such as the second anglo-dutch war, the plague and the great fire of London. -
Period: to
Reign of James II
Catholic, people worried about that, and hope he dies soon with his protestant daughter as successor. However, his second wife has a catholic son in 1688, which is a threat to the Parliament. -
The Glorious Revolution
Parliament invites William of Orange, James' son-in-law, to seize the throne and become King of England, which he does. James II flees to France and William of Orange becomes King William III. -
Toleration Act
Allowed most protestant sects to worship freely. -
Period: to
Reign of William III and Mary II
Governed together as joint monarchs. Promised to accept Parliament's autority and limit the monarchs' powers with the Bill of Rights in 1689 -
The Act of Settlement
Ensured Protestant succession. -
Act of Union
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England+Wales+Scotland).