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Black Codes
Black codes restricted african americans' freedoms. Passed by democratic southern states. -
13th Amendment
This amendment freed the slaves. Declared that slavery is only acceptable for punishment of crime. -
14th Amendment
The 14th gave citizenship to all people born in the United States, including former slaves. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
Agriculture technique where the landowners allows a tenant to be payed with produce. -
15th Amendment
Granted African American males the right to vote. -
Jim Crow Laws
These laws helped get around the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment. They enforced racial segregation against blacks. -
Lynching
To kill for an alleged offense ( they could be innocent). Mainly by hanging. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Seperate railway carts for blacks and whites were required in the state of Louisiana. Homer Plessy sat in the "whites" cart and refused to move and was arrested. The case was taken to the Louisiana Supreme Court who ruled that segregation was not unconstitutional and was not unlawful. This was ruled by the " separate but equal" doctrine. -
19th Amendment
States the right for a a citizen to vote can not be denied by the United States or any state regards to sex. -
20th Amendment
States the set dates for election of offices and what shall happened when a president dies ( who will take his place). -
Federal Housing Authority
Stands for The Federal Housing of Administration which is a government agency created that sets standards for construction and insures loans made by banks. -
Civil Disobedience
This is the refusal to abide by the law. It is a peaceful form of protest. -
Brown v. Board of Education
African American children were denied access into certain public schools, since schools were segregated. The Delaware Supreme Court ruled that because white public schools had better facilities African American students had to be allowed to attend. The Supreme Court agrees and also state that racial segregation had a huge effect on the person growth of the students. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the first African American justice of the Supreme Court. He was very involved in the NAACP. During the Civil Rights Movement he won many cases. He is most famous for his victory in the Brown v. Board of Education case. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was very involved in the NAACP. She is most known for the Montgomery Bus Boycott. She refused to give her seat up and was arrested. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama. Before the boycott began Rosa Parks refused to giver her seat up to a white individual. The boycott lasted over a year. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was an ordinary person brought into a hug leadership role. He preached processing peacefully and believed that everyone should be treated equally by the law. He was a huge contributor to the Civil Rights Movement. He led many marches and gave speeches. His most famous speech is the ' I Have a Dream' speech, which inspired many to join the movement and work towards getting equal rights for African Americans -
Nonviolent Protest
This technique, used in the Civil Rights Movement, helps achieve social changes though nonviolent acts. Such as: civil disobedience, sit-ins. boycotts, etc. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first civil rights legislation to protect individuals rights to equal protection. -
Orville Faubus
Faunus was the Governor of Arkansas and was for racial segregation. He used the Arkansas National Guardsmen to prevent the first nine black students to go to public school to enter the building. He though racial segregation was a must. -
Sit- ins
A sit in is a type of protest. People refuse to leave until their demands are met. This technique was used during the Civil Rights era. -
George Wallace
Wallace served as governor of Alabama for four terms. He supported racial segregation. One of his most famous quotes is ".. I say segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever." -
Hector P. Garcia
Advocate for Hispanic- American rights. He was the first Mexican- American member of the U.S. Civil Rights Comission -
Desegregation
This was the ending of racial segregation in the U.S. -
Affirmative Action
A policy that is in favor of those who experience discrimination. -
Cesar Chavez
Founder of NFWA. He stressed nonviolence protests to improve the conditions for farm workers in California, Texas, Arizona, and Florida. -
Betty Friedan
She wrote The Feminine Mystique which showed ideas that women could be successful outside of their traditional roles. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits poll tax in election for federal officials. Prior to the amendment citizens in some states had to par a fee to vote. -
Lester Madox
Madox was a restraunt owner who refused to serve black Georgia Tech students, after a Civil Rights Act was signed. He was determined that no black person would receive his service. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act outlaws discrimination on race, color, religion, sex, or nationality. -
Upward Bound
A federally funded educational program in the U.S. ; serves high school students from low income families and from parents txt don't hold a bachelor's degree. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
This act banned poll taxes, literacy tests, and other things that prevented African Americans from voting. -
26th Amendment
This amendment lowered the legal age to vote to 18. -
Title IX
States that the sex of a person should not prevent them from benefits or being able to participate in events. -
Head Start
A program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low income families.
