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Black Codes
These were laws passed by southern states during the Civil War. These laws were made to restrict african americans rights and gave them low wages for their work. -
13th amendment
This made slavery illegal any where in the United States. This made african americans "free" during the civil war. -
14th amendment
This gave rights to anybody in the United States. Other states could not restrict rights from anyone. This gave african american slaves freedom when they were freed. -
15th amendment
This americans the right to vote regardless of their skin color, race, or wage. This did not prevent southern states too give unreasonable test to african americans who were slaves and that who couldn't read or write. They also charged a fee to them when they didn't have a job. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
This is when a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. African Americans would rent small pieces of lands and would have to give half of what ever they grew to the owners. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Plessy V. Ferguson was a case where a man named Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting on the 'whites only' side of a train. He was found guilty for what he did. He went to court saying the Judge violated his 14th amendment which said everyone was equal. The judge came back and said "separate is equal." -
19th amendment
This gave women the right to vote in the early 20's. Women have peacefully protested for more rights as a women. -
20th amendment
The 20th amendment was created to determine the dates of which the president would be president. It also determined who would be the president if the president died in office. -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Administration, generally known as "FHA", provides mortgage insurance on loans made by FHA-approved lenders throughout the United States and its territories. FHA insures mortgages on single family and multifamily homes including manufactured homes and hospitals. -
Civil Disobedience
This was a way of peaceful protest used a lot during the cilvil rights movement. Martin Luther King Jr acted a lot with civil disobedience. -
Lynching
This is what happened to african americans who disobeyed laws made by the southern states. They would either be hung or killed in a awful way. They had no fair trial and would be killed either way. -
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Jim Crow Laws
Jim crow laws were put into play when african americans were free. They were a set of rules that white people made up and most african americans didn't know them. They could be killed for things as dumb as an african american looking at a white girl. -
Nonviolent Protest
This is a peaceful protest to achieve a social goals. Many activist used this method in marches holding signs and trying to get the word for whatever they were protesting. This happened a lot during the civil rights movement. -
Desegregation
Desegregation was the opposite of segregation. It was the main thing faught for during the civi rights movement. African Americans wanted this so they could be free. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Linda Brown and her father Oliver Brown sued Topeka because of segregation in schools. The Browns claimed this was going against the 14th amendment which says that we are all equal. Plessy V. Fergusson said "separate is equal" but Brown V. education clarified that it wasn't. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
King played a big role in the segregation act and became the spokesperson in the Civil Rights movement. He believed in a peaceful protest and fought violence with love. He led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. King also received the noble peace prize for all he did. -
Rosa Parks
Parks was the first lady to act in the civil rights movement. She is named "the mother of the freedom movement." She is known for the Montgomery bus boycott. She refused to give up her seat and was sent to jail in 1955. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was a protest for the public transport system in Montgomery. Martin Luther King Jr. led it. This was influenced of Rosa Parks arrest for sitting in the front of the bus when she was suppose to be in the back, because of the color of her skin. She refused to give her seat up to a white man. In the Boycott african americans refused to ride the Montgomery buses. -
Orval Faubus
Faunus served as the 36th governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967. He is remembered for his stand against desegregation of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Crisis. Arkansas National Guard prevented black students from attending Little Rock Central High School, so he made an unanimous decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education case. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This was passed at the beginning of the civil rights movement. This assured that all votes count and no vote could be denied. The color of skin or race didn't matter it was all just a vote. -
Sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960. This happened when students were refused service and so they just sat their peacefully. -
Affirmative Action
Executive decision made by John F. Kennedy enforced this law to ensure people were employed. This helped people with a different skin color, race, or national origin. This gave everyone a equal oppurtonity. -
Cesar Chavez
Co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. He was a activist in the civil rights movement. Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement. -
Betty Friedan
She was a feminist and a activist that helped fight for women equality. She wrote a book in 1963 about her journey and it was called "The Feminine Mystique." -
George Wallace
Wallace was the 45th governor of Alabama. Wallace was pro-segregation and stood in front of the university of Alabama in attempt to keep african americans from enrolling. He also survived a assignation attempt. -
Lester Maddox
Maddox served as the 75th governor of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. He violated the civil rights act when he refused to serve black customers in his restaurant. He is now known as the guy who made an all white restaurant. -
Head Start
This is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
24th amendment
This amendment prohibited poll taxes for people to vote. Before citizens in some states had to pay to vote and some people couldn't afford this. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was passed for desegregation for african americans. This gave them equal employment rights. It also protected voting rights of minorities and women. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This ended literacy test given to african americans to prevent them from voting. It helped end Jim Crown laws and ruled them unconstitutional. -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound serves: high school students from low-income families; and high school students from families in which neither parent holds a bachelor's degree. This was a federal education system. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the first african american supreme court justice in the United States. He was the 96th justice and was a major key in the Brown V. board of education case. Marshall played a big role in ending segregation. -
Hector P. Garcia
Garcia was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. He fought for equal job opportunities. Garcia was named as alternate representative to the United Nations in 1967. -
26th amendment
This lowered the age to vote to 18. The protest people would fight by saying "old enough to fight, old enough to vote." -
Title IX (9)
This act gave anybody a fair and equal chance at an education. Your race, gender, or color did not matter. Everyone was given the same benefits and was treated with respect.
