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1509
Beginning of Henry VIII's reign
Henry VIII ascends the throne after the death of his father, Henry VII, and he marries Catherine of Aragon. -
1517
Martin Luther and the "95 Theses"
The book played an important role at that time because it challenged the Catholic Church, particularly on the issue of indulgences. -
Period: 1527 to 1533
The "Great Matter" of Henry VIII's divorce
Henry VIII seeks to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, leading to a break with the Roman Catholic Church. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England, breaking officially away from Roman Catholicism. -
1536
Act of Union with Wales
Wales is incorporated into the Kingdom of England. -
Period: 1536 to 1541
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Catholic monasteries are closed, and their assets are confiscated by the Crown. -
1547
Death of Henry VIII; beginning of Edward VI's reign
Edward VI, Henry VIII's young son, ascends the throne at nine years old. -
1549
Book of common prayer
Uprisings occur against the imposition of Protestantism, notably in Devon and Cornwall. -
1553
Beginning of Mary I's reign ("Bloody Mary")
Mary Tudor, a devout Catholic, temporarily restores Catholicism in England. -
1554
Marriage of Mary I and Philip II of Spain
This marriage strengthens Catholic influence in England but is unpopular. -
1558
Beginning of Elizabeth I's reign
Elizabeth I restores Anglicanism as the state religion and seeks to maintain religious stability. -
1560
Scottish Reformation
Scotland becomes a Protestant country under John Knox's influence, and Catholicism is banned. -
1565
Mary marries Henry Stuart
She gave birth to their son James VI of england. -
1567
Mary Queen of scots abdicates
She flees to england seeking protection from her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. -
Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart is executed after being accused of plotting against Elizabeth I. -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The Spanish fleet sent to invade England is defeated. -
Period: to
Nine Years' War in Ireland
The Irish rebellion led by Hugh O'Neill against English rule ends in an English victory. -
Union of the Crowns
James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England, uniting the crowns but not the parliaments. -
Beginning of the reign of James I
The two crowns were united under a single monarch for the first time. This did not create a political union between the two countries; they remained separate sovereign states. -
Gunpowder Plot
A Catholic plot to blow up Parliament and kill James I. -
Death of James I and beginning of Charles I's reign
Charles I ascends the throne, but his reign is marked by conflicts with Parliament. -
Petition of Right
Parliament forced Charles I to recognize the rights of English subjects, limiting royal power. -
Period: to
Bishop's war:
Two conflicts between King Charles I of England and Scotland, centered around disputes over religious reforms and the governance of the Church of Scotland. -
Period: to
Long Parliament
After the “ short parliament”, Charles I calls Parliament, which remains in session for 20 years, challenging royal authority. -
Abolition of the monarchy and the house of lords
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Charles I on trial
He refuses to plead, and he's executed on january 30th. -
Act of Union with Scotland: Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
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Act of Union with Ireland: Ireland officially joins the United Kingdom.