-
Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBA)
First New Deal: Relief Effort
Due to the many financial crises of the Great Depression, U.S. banks were shutdown for inspections. The Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBA) was passed during this shutdown in an effort to restore Americans' trust and confidence in the banks by the time they re-opened. It was also put in place to create stability in government banks.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergencybankingact.asp -
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
First New Deal: Relief Effort
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was created to address the issues between the state and local governments and their main focus was the collapse of tax revenues and the rising costs of emergency relief. They helped form a partnership between the Federal and State/Local governments and was a granting agency to the States.
https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/federal-emergency-relief-administration-fera-1933-1935/ -
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
First New Deal: Recovery Effort
The NIRA sanctioned, supported, and in some cases, enforced an alliance of industries. Companies were requried to write industry-wide "codes of fair competition" and Antitrust laws were suspended. The act called for industrial self-regulation and produced the National Recovery Administration (NRA).
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=66 -
Public Works Administration (PWA)
First New Deal: Recovery Effort
The PWA was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act and was designed to reduce unemployments and increase purchasing power through the construction of highways and public buildings. This agency spent around $4 billion in construction of more than 70 percent of the nations' new educational buildings. It began to die out as World War II began.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Public-Works-Administration -
Glass-Steagalle Banking Reform (FDIC)
First New Deal: Reform Effort
This Act's purpose was to separate investment and comercial banking activities due to the disorganization of banks. A barrier was created between the two banking activities in an effort to prevent the banks' use of deposits in case of a failed underwriting job and to encourage banks to use their funds for lending to increase commerce over investing. Most in the financial community found the GSA to be too harsh.
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/071603.asp -
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Second New Deal: Relief Effort
The CWA was designed to put jobless Americans back to work and to use them on beneficial public projects, as well as, to help them get through the winter. The PWA, the FERA, and an apporpriation from Congress provided funding for the CWA. This administration had great success and was able to accomplish many great things for the American people during the Great Depression.
https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/civil-works-administration-cwa-1933/ -
Soil Conservation Act
Second New Deal: Recovery Effort
The law's purpose was to protect land resources from soil erosion. The disaster of the Dust Bowl was a major driving force behind the creation of this act. President Roosevelt and Hugh Bennett pushed for this issue to be adressed. This act created a more permanent Soil Conservation Service and held a great sense of urgency as it called for the protection, preservation, and recovery of America's soil.
https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/soil-conservation-act-1935/ -
Resettlement Administration
Second New Deal: Recovery Effort
President Roosevelt created the RA to resettle poor/destitute families, administer recovery and conservation projects for the enviornment, and to issue loans to finance farm land and farm equipment purchases farmers made. The RA took on three major activities in its two-year existence: financial aid, conservation work, and construction of physical and social infrastructure in the countryside.
https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/resettlement-administration-ra-1935/ -
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Second New Deal: Relief Effort
The purpose of this program was to provide useful work for millions of victims of the Great Depression. In return, the economy would be stimulated by the increased purchasing power of the newly employed. The WPA lasted for eight years and put around 8.5 million people to work, costing the federal government about $11 billion.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Works-Progress-Administration -
Wagner Act (NLRB)
Second New Deal: Reform Effort
The purpose of this act was to establish the legal right of most workers to organize or join labor unions and to bargain collectively with their employers. It established the federal government as the regulator and ultimate arbiter of labour relations and set up a permanent 3 member (later 5 member) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wagner-Act
