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Civil Rights Movement
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Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "white" car on East Loisiana Railroad. The Supreme Court of the United States heard the case and held the Louisiana Segregation statue constitutional. The Plessy decision set the precedent that "Seperate" facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were equal. -
National Association for the Advanement of Colored People (NAACP)
The NAACP wa formed partly because of the continuing of lyncing and the 1908 race riot in Springfield. The goal when it stated was to secure the rights to all people in the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. Their main objective was to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority groups of the US. -
Fannie Lou Hamer
She helped found the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. She brought the struggle of civil rights in Mississippi to attenetion. She ran for congress in Mississippi but was unsuccessful. She aso helped the poor and families in need in Mississippi. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm traveled to Detroit where he worked with the leader of the Nation of Islam to expand the Civil Rights Movement. He became a minister and funded several ministries. He also establishe a national newpaper. -
Medger Evers
In 1954 he became the first state field secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi. He recruited new member for the NAACP, organized voter registration efforts, he also led demonstrations and economic boycotts. He was one of Mississippi most prominant civil rights activist. -
James Meredith
Meredith spent nine years in the Army Air Force before enrolling in Jackson State College which all black. In 1961 he applied to the University of Mississippi which was all white at the time. His addmission was withdrawn when they found out his race. He filed a suit alleging discrimination. On October 1, 1962 he became the first African American student to enroll in an all-whit school. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders consisted of SNCC members riding buses through deep southern states where discrimination and segregation were happening most often. After the Supreme Court decision to desegregate travel and bus terminal facilities the freedom riders and SNCC participation became more involved. When they arrived in Anniston, Alabama they were attacked. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case was one of Marshall's greatest achievements. This was filed by parents of Topeka, Kansas because of their children attending all-black segregated schools. On May 7, 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that "seperate educational facilities are inherently unequal," and that racial segregation of public schools violated the 14th amendment. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was arested when she refused to give up her seat to the white people standing up in the aisle. On the evening of Rosa Parks arrest, E.D. Nixon, head of the local NAACP bgan making plans to organize a bus boycott. They formed the Montgomery Improvement Association electing Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as minister. the bus boycott was a success most of the city's buses were empty. This was one of one of the largest, most successful movements against racial segregation. -
Southern Christian Leadership conference (SCLC)
Martin Luther King, Ralph Abernathy, and 60 other ministers and civil rights activist founded the SCLC. They would conduct non-violent protest. they went to key Southern cities to help register black voters. -
The Little Rock Nine
Daisy Bates the Little Rock Nine become the first African Americans to attend an all-white school on September 4,1957 for the first time. The Arkansasn governor, Orval Faubus didnt aprrove of intergration of the school so he sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the students from entering. Eisenhower sent U.S. soldiers to protect the Little Rock Nine for the second attempt on September 25, 1957. -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
In 1960 a group of African American college students from North Carolina A&T refused to leave a lunch counter in Greensboro, NC where they were not served. A couple months later at Shaw University the SNCC was created which managed sit-ins, support their leaders, and publicize activities. Over the next decade the SNCC struggled as they fought white opression. -
March on Washington
Civil Rights activist organized a March on Washington. There were over 250,000 people from all around the world that gathered around the Lincoln Memorial. There the people heard speeches and songs from several activists. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his closing statement with his "I Have a Dream" speech. This March on Washington was a success resulting in no violence. -
Freedom Summer
The Mississippi Summer Project called for students of Mississippi to callenge and overcome the racism in Mississippi. The project had three goals: registering voters, operating freedom schools, and organizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) precincts. After three of their members were shot their goal was to take the MFDP to a National Convention. -
Civil Right Act of 1964
Lyndon B. Johnson Passed the Civil Right Act of 1964 -
Voting Rights act of 1965
3 months in Alabama residents and volunteers held marches demanding equal voting rights. By that time Lyndon B. Johnson made civil rights one of his top priorities. -
Black Panthers
Huey P. Newton was the founder of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. They took a militant stance resulting in them owning guns. they believed that violence needed to bring about social change. -
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination
On April 4th standing outside on his balcony at the Lorrain Motel Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot by a sniper.The killing of MLK sparked several riots in ove 100 cities. The sniper was James Earl Ray pleaded guilty to assassinating Dr. King
