Evolution of the Training Profession - AET/570, Shamara Kallie, October 10, 2016, Dr. Gale Cossette
By spkallie
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Systematic On-The-Job training
During World War II the National Defense advisor commission developed the systematic on-the-job training called Job Instruction Training (JIT).
The four steps to this method were:
*Prepare the learner
* Give a step-by-step presentation of the job
*Performance tryout
*Follow-up with regular inspections Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. -
American Society of Training Directors
In 1942 during a meeting of the American Petroleum Institue in New Orleans, Louisiana the American Society of Training Directors were formed.
Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria, VA -
Individualized/Programmed Instruction
After World War II, the economy boomed and as a result, human relations training grew. Businesses wanted to continue to provide training for their employees, but at a lower cost and increase its efficiency.
Training that was included in this process are:
*Bloom's taxonomy;
*Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation;
*B. F. Skinner; behaviorism; motivation theory;
*Emergence of the idea of involving top management in training Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD -
Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction.
In 1962 Robert F Mager wrote a book which proposed his model for instructional objectives. The model included three components:
*Behavior
*Condition
*Standard
The components were to be used to help develop instruction and promote the desired level of learning. Mager's theory of objectives was originally developed for use in programmed instruction (Estep, 2008).
Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD -
Sociotechnical-Systems Theory
In the 1970s Sociotechnical-Systems Theory was introduced. The theory indicated that the interaction of both social and technical factors support or hinder the successful functioning of an organization (Estep, 2008).
Training included during the 1970s were:
*Sensitivity training/laboratory method-Chris Argyris
* The Adult Learner -Malcolm Knowles's
* Nine events of instruction- Gagne's
*Feminism; environmentalism; the gay rights movement -Jerome Bruner Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD -
Assertiveness Training
Many of the organizations moved towards training towards focusing more on budgets. The concept of return-on-investment (ROI) became the talk of the training field. Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD -
E-learning
In the 1990s e-learning came into play. By this time technology had exploded and what better way to improve training than to create computer-based training classrooms. This allowed the organization to save by minimizing costs for travel to training, time off of work to attend and facilities. E-learning provides larger accessibility to training
Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD -
2000s Training
Many things have changed about the training profession but the one this that stays constantans is behaviorism.
New training that has taken place from 2000 up to the present are:
Just-in-time learning
M-learning
Skills gap
Certification
Rapid proliferation of new technologies
Games
MP3 players
Web 2.0
Collaborative learning
Knowledge management systems Source: Compiled by Tora Estep, ASTD
