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Systematic Training
During World War II there was a huge need to fill jobs left behind by those who decided to enlist in the military. Training programs began to develop to properly train these positions as well as new emerging positions. In order to eliminate nonproductive time at the factories and speed up production the assembly lines were created (Estep, 2008). The assembly line could create faster production which is why training needed to be created to teach workers how to maintain production needs. -
Job Instructor Program (JIT)
the JIT was created by Training Within Industry Service of the War Manpower Commission to train more trainers. This program was to teach trainers how to teach first as well as still supervise others (Estep, 2008). -
Management Development Programs
To maximize the number of supervisors who had knowledge of both management and technology, MIP's were created and offered by colleges and universities. These college-leveled courses were offered to supervisors and taught technology and management courses (Estep, 2008). -
Individualized Instruction
The same methods for training that were used before and during World war were becoming demotivating after WWII (Estep, 2008). A new popular method of training began to emerge which involved human relations and the introduction to behaviorism. Individualized instruction emerged and was used to give immediate feedback to learners after each training step to test their knowledge (Estep, 2008). -
Introduction of Bloom's Taxonomy
In 1956 Benjamin Bloom and some colleges developed Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains, describing cognitive, psycho-motor, and effective outcomes (Estep, 2008). This classification system could categorize intellectual skills and behavior important to learning with six levels such as: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation (Coffey, 2013). -
Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Training Evaluation Model
At the end of the 1950s Donald Kirkpatrick published his Four-Level Training Evaluation Model in the US Training and Development Journal (Manktelow, 2016). His training model focused on four measurement levels: Reaction, learning, behavior, and results. -
"Wider Responsibilities"
With measurements being introduced by Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Training Evaluation Model, a new concept was introduced by Gordon Bliss. The focus of ASTD became to involve top management in training and broader their scope on the business of training (Estep, 2008). -
Human Performance Improvement
The HPI was created to improve both individual and organizational performance. It placed a focus on building activities that could improve business results (Estep, 2008). -
Minicomputers
Before the 1960's large room sized computers where made and sold to those who could afford them. In 1965 a group of universities created a smaller computer to satisfy the heavy demand for computers (Bell, 2017). This made the ability to gain access to a computer more available. -
Sociotechnical-Systems Theory
Sociotechnical-systems theory is the theory that human interaction should be combined with technology i the workplace (Estep, 2008). How well the two systems worked together could determine rather an organization would be successful or fail. -
The Adult Learner
Malcolm Knowles introduced the book "The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species " which explained what the adult learners is and how adults learn differently from children. It introduced the Adult Learning Theorry, as well as oined the term andragogy (Estep, 2008) -
Principles of Instructional Design
In 1974 the nine events of instruction took training from a behaviorist view to a cognitive one, focusing on how information is process, store, and retrieved in the human brain (Estep, T. (2008). -
Return-On-Investment
a slowed down productivity in the U.S caused organizations to focus on training budgets and the concept of return-on-investment. ROI is the money an organization invest and the return it realize on that money based on the net profit of the organization (Beattie, 2016). -
Women Entering the Field of Training
During the late 80's women began to fill up positions in the field of training and development (Estep, 2008). -
The Fifth Discipline
In 1990, Peter Senge wrote the book entitled "The Fifth Discipline." This book focused on changing companies into training organizations through group problem solving (Estep, 2008). -
Blogging
In the year 1999 the very first blogging cites began to surface the internet and became a phenomena that is still used today (Hendricks, 2013). Blogging is when individuals can share their personal thoughts, ideas, and experiences online and receive feedback from others all over the world. -
Talent Management
Due to the explosive growth of China and India organizations started to place focus on managerial and professional talents within employees. This new way of training allows all those talented employees that ability to play leading roles in their organizations (Estep, 2008). -
Myspace
The cite Myspace became a well known cite for socializing with friends, family, and people all over the world. It is a social media cite that allows the sharing of messages, pictures, and music over the internet. This social media cite led to the launch of other popular cites that can now be used in training sessions in school or in an organization. -
Facebook
Facebook has become one of the most well known social media cites. It is similar to Myspace but allows users the abilities to do so much more than just share messages and pictures. With Facebook users are able to live chat with others, share posts, create personal messages, instant message, and create groups just to name a few of its online abilities. -
YouTube
YouTube is a social media cite where people can create videos and upload them to the cite for comments and feedback. Now the cite is being used more and more for how-to-videos that show viewers how to do a certain action such as: troubleshoot an iPhone, create hair styles, and cook. -
Instagram
Instagram is a newer social media application that is being used in training programs during the 2000's. Launched in 2012, Instagram is a smartphone application that allows users to upload picture and share them with friends and family members. Viewers have the ability to "like" the picture or comment on it.
