-
This first opened in St. Louis where the museum was used for visual instruction
-
Projectors were introduced for instructional media
-
Thomas Edison felt the motion media projector would soon make books obsolete for instructional use
-
Although the projector did gain usage, books became far from obsolete
-
For instructional media and technology during this time period, instruction was focused mainly on visuals because this was the most popular media for the time period.
-
With advancements in technology, the IDT field shifted their definition of instruction with the use of audiovisual materials such as sound recordings, radio broadcasts and films.
-
These three organizations consolidated and created a new leadership for the movement
-
Visual instruction textbooks were being published which gained more support and exposure for the movement
-
The military used the help of psychologists and educators to conduct research and surveys on how to best train soldiers
-
The US created this organization to produce training films for US soldiers
-
Training videos were created to help train the US military for combat in WWII
-
Edgar Dale elaborated on processes key to the movement of visual instruction and laid out how to present instruction more concretely
-
Researchers at IBM studied computers and their use in how to aid in instruction which later developed to be used in public schools
-
The ford foundation invested about $170 million dollars in educational television in which the channels were used for instruction and teaching
-
Members of the field now look at technology as a way to apply the instructional design process. You use the technology and apply it within a process to make it instructional design.
-
The US set aside 242 television channels for educational purposes
-
B. F. Skinner wrote this article which included ways to increase human learning and find out which characteristics were desirable for instruction
-
When the Soviets launched Sputnik the US invested millions into math and science education to try and keep pace with the soviets and their space program
-
During this time period concepts were developed for systematically designing instructional materials
-
While working for the military, Silvern created many complex and detailed instructional design models used for military and aerospace purposes
-
Robert Mager wrote this book to write objectives that describe desired learner behaviors
-
This definition of the field was released and stated that this was the design and use of messages to control the learning process
-
Gagne wrote this book to explain five different learning outcomes and how they each require different conditions to be met.
-
The ADDIE model was created and used by instructional designers
-
This definition was two-parted. The first was focused on the development of technology used within the field but then broke up into saying that it is use of this technology in a systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the entire learning process.
-
Many branches of the US military adopted instructional design models in order to guide the development of training materials
-
The new definition released was that educational technology is a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems, involved in all aspects of human learning
-
Altogether 40% of elementary schools and 75 % of secondary schools now have implemented computer usage within their curriculum
-
These views grew more important in the field. They had to do with creating more authentic learning tasks that were more realistic.
-
This definition stated instructional Technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.
-
Branch created a diagram showing the curvilinear process for instructional design
-
During the twenty-first century the use of the internet as a means for instruction has grown quite a bit. Formal trainings have now slowed down and informal training is now seen more regularly within improving workplace performance.
-
Online instruction is starting to take off. During this period online classes in higher learning institutions have increased from 10% to 32%
-
The trainings in the business sector start to move more towards a media base. They started this timespan at 26% and rose to 41%
-
Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.
-
The ADDIE model had become outdated therefore a new model, the supportive approximation model, came along
-
Dick, Carey, and Carey created a linear model for instructional design
-
Professionals in the field instructional design and technology often use systematic instructional design procedures and employ instructional media to accomplish their goals. Moreover, in recent years, they have paid increasing attention to non-instructional solutions to some performance problems. Research and theory related to each of the aforementioned areas is also an important part of the field.
-
The field of instructional design and technology (also known as instructional technology) encompasses the analysis of learning and performance problems, and the design, development, implementation, evaluation and management of instructional and non-instructional processes and resources intended to improve learning and performance in a variety of settings, particularly educational institutions and the workplace.