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Dec 3, 1462
Ivan the Great
Began his reign -
Period: Dec 3, 1462 to Dec 3, 1505
Ivan the Great's reign
Rurik monarch who united Russia after the expulsion of the Mongols -
Period: Dec 4, 1492 to
Siglo De Oro
era of great cultural achievement for Spain; included the works of Cervantes and El Greco -
Dec 3, 1509
Henry VIII
He began his reign -
Period: Dec 3, 1509 to Dec 3, 1547
Henry VIII's reign
Tudor monarch who established the Church of England as a means of obtaining a divorce from Catherine of Aragon -
Dec 3, 1533
Ivan the Terrible
Began his reign -
Period: Dec 3, 1533 to
Ivan the Terrible's reign
murderous Rurik czar who ruled using terror and intimidation -
Period: Dec 3, 1556 to
Phillip II's reign
Hapsburg monarch whose main goal was to promote Catholicism throughout his kingdom; built a combination monastery/palace called El Escorial -
Dec 4, 1556
Phillip II
Began his reign -
Dec 3, 1558
Elizabeth I
Began her reign -
Period: Dec 3, 1558 to
Elizabeth I's reign
Tudor monarch who found a way to create a compromise between Catholics and Protestants in the Church of England; brought an end to most of the religious strife that had occurred during the reigns of Edward VI and Mary I -
Dec 4, 1568
Spanish Netherland's Revolt Began
Dutch eventually gained their independence after rebelling against Philip’s attempts to force them to be Catholic -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Spanish navy defeated by English; signified the decline of Spanish hegemony -
Period: to
Time of Troubles
era of famine and political unrest which occurred between the death of Ivan the Terrible and the establishment of the Romanov dynasty -
James I
Began his reign -
Period: to
James I's reign
Stuart monarch who argued with Parliament about combining England and Scotland -
Charles I
Began his reign -
Period: to
Charles I's reign
Stuart monarch who was supported by the Cavaliers in the English Civil War, and was executed in 1649 -
Period: to
English Civil War
Cavaliers (Royalists) fought with Roundheads (Puritans in Parliament); Roundheads won and established a funless theocracy led by Oliver Cromwell -
Louis XIV
He began his Reign -
Period: to
Louis XIV's reign
Bourbon monarch who was the quintessential absolute monarch; famous for calling himself ‘the Sun King’ and saying ‘L’etat c’est moi.’ -
Period: to
Commonwealth
time period during which England was ruled as a Puritan theocracy by Oliver Cromwell -
Period: to
The Fronde
French revolt which occurred when Louis XIV’s regent tried to tax the nobles -
Charles II
Began his reign -
Period: to
Charles II's reign
Stuart monarch associated with the Restoration -
Versailles Renovation Began
former hunting lodge outside Paris which Louis XIV had turned into an opulent Baroque palace which he used to limit the power of the nobles -
Period: to
Louis' wars
examples include the Nine Years’ War, the War of Devolution, and the War of Spanish Succession; all were fought in an attempt to gain territory for France (and none were very successful) -
Test Act
English legislation that Charles II agreed to which excluded Catholics from public office -
Peter the Great
Began his reign -
Period: to
Peter the Great's reign
Romanov czar who attempted to westernize Russia and who fought with Sweden and the Ottoman Empire to gain ports -
James II
He began his reign -
Period: to
James II's reign
openly Catholic Stuart monarch who abdicated in 1688 when his son-in-law and daughter came to overthrow him -
Glorious Revolution
bloodless overthrow of James II in England by William III of Orange and Mary -
English Bill of Rights
document signed by William and Mary which asserted Parliament’s power of the purse and stipulated that monarchs could not keep a standing army without Parliament’s consent -
Period: to
Great Northern War
Peter the Great’s war which was waged against Sweden in an attempt to gain ports along the Baltic Sea -
St. Petersburg established
western-style city built by Peter the Great on a site that he had captured from Sweden; featured Peterhof, a Baroque palace -
Frederick the Great
Began his reign -
Period: to
Frederick the Great's reign
Hohenzollern monarch whose militaristic rule of Prussia helped to expand its territory -
War of Austrian Succession Began
began when Frederick the Great seized an Austrian province upon the beginning of the reign of Maria
Theresa -
Period: to
Seven Years War
began when Frederick the Great invaded Saxony; resulted in a huge colonial empire for England and a Prussian/Russian alliance
