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Henry IV became king
A Huguenot leader who inherited the french throne who laid the foundations down for royal absolutism. -
Edict of Nantes was Created
Marked the end of French's war of religions. -
James I becomes king
Also held the title as the king of France also England. He didn't have any real active claims but he was the first stuart monarch who often clashed with the reasons of the monarch. -
30 Years War Begins
Religious differences with the Roman Empire caused many conflicts among many groups and caused a war that killed almost half of Europe's population. -
Defenestration of Prague
Marked the beginning of the Thirty Years War. It was an act of pushing people out windows because Bohemian Protestants were fighting the Catholics and began the killings. -
Cardinal Richelieu strengthens Monarchy
Appointed by Louis XIII as chief minister. He defeated the rebellious nobels and gave them religious independence. He then appointed Mazarin in which all stengthened the Monarchy. -
Charles I becomes king
When Charles inherited the throne he behaved like an absolute monarch. He often clashed with Parliament and was executed for fighting back. -
Long Parliament
King Charles summoned this that triggered the greatest political revolution in English history. -
Charles signs Petition of Rights
This documanet was for the purpose of restoring traditional freedoms dating back to the Magna Carta. -
English Civil War begins
Posted a major rise of the absolute monarchs. -
Louis XIV becomes king
Inherited the throne after Cardinal Richelieu died. -
Oliver Cromwell creates New Model Army
Leader of the Commonwealth who led the roundheads against the Cavalliers and won. It was a designed fighting force with strict rules and a driving passion to beat the rich nobles and did. -
30 Years War Ends
After 30 years of outright war due to religious differences The Treaty of Westphalia was signed that gave religious freedom to Calvinists and restored the Treaty of Augsburg. -
Treaty of Westphalia
This treaty marked the end of the Thirty Years War by adding Calvinism into the beliefs and restoring the Treaty of Augsburg. -
Charles I was executed
Charles I was executed for rebelling against English Parliament and was convivcted of treason. This shocked Europe because Parliament proved how serious they were about absolutism and to what extremes they will go to. -
English Civil War ends
Shortly after King Charles I was executed the government was reshaped and the Civil War came to an end. Soon after the Glorious Revolution began. -
Creation of the Commonwealth
A series of laws and a time period of Puritans that are highly religious, and live under the leadership of Cromwell. They believed in schooling for kids and women as house takers who tend to their families but were respected in society. -
Restoration of the Stuarts
When King Charles II returned to London he accepted the Petition of Rights but also shared his father's absolute monarchy power. -
Creation of Versailles
Louis XIV created a magnificant building in the countryside to have ever been built in Europe. This building was the sole symbol of his power and wealth. The building was open to the public, held daily ceremonies of life and sponsored many arts and drama. -
Revocation of Edict of Nantes
Louis XIV revoked the Edict entirely by depriving French Protestants of their religious customs. Hundreds of thousands Huguenots migrated to find their religious freedom elsewhere and this devastated thr French economy. -
The Glorious Revolution
The Bloodless overthrow of James II when William and Mary took control. In this time there was limits of royal power that they had to get used too. -
Peter I becomes Tsar
Peter was ten years old when he took the throne. He was extremely curious and helped western European monarchs. -
Signing of the English Bill of Rights
This formally restated the traditional rights of English citizens and supported the concept of Habeas Corpus. This protected the citizens from Parliament and any unjust crime. -
Peter the great travels to Europe
He visited homes, factories, art galleries and disguised himself to learn trades. He then returned to Europe with intelligent experts and soldiers to help reshape Russia. -
Creation of St. Petersburg
Peter the Great had a vision to reshape Russia but instead created a capital city. He invited architects and artists to better the city and live there. -
Death of Louis XIV
Built the strongest state in Europe and left the throne behind to his five-year old great-grandson. -
Peter the Great dies
When Peter the Great dies he left behind a mixed legacy. He expanded Russia, gained ports on the Baltic and made an army but in the making lost many reforms.
