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Period: Sep 11, 1580 to
Absolutism
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Henry IV
The Bourbon prince becomes the new king of France. He paves the way for absolutism in France.Turns Catholic to have better control of France. -
Edict of Nantes
Even though he converted to catholicsm, Henry IV protected Protestants by giving them them religious toleration. It also allowed them to fortify their towns. -
James I
James I comes to power after Elizabeth died without a direct heir. He had many conflicts with Parliament throughout his rein, and was very unpopular. -
Defenestration at Prague
Two rcatholic officials were trown out the window by rebellious Protestants at a castle in Prague. This event preceded the Thirty Years' War. -
Thirty Years' War begins
The war begins after the Defenestration at Prague. Largely fought between the Catholics and Protestants. -
Cardinal Richelieu
In 1624, Cardinal Richelieu is appointed chief minister to Louis XIII. He spent the rest of his life strengthining the French Government by destroying the noblemens' castles and the Huguentos towns to lessen their power over the monarch. He also tied the nobles to the monarchy by giving them high jobs within the government. -
Charles I
He came to power in 1623 and acted like an ansolute ruler. He would become a major cause of the English Civil War after his actions with Parliament. -
Petition of Rights
It was forced to be signed by Parliament to prohibid the king to raise taxes and imprision people without just cause. -
Long Parliament
The Parliament that met with King Charles. It met on and off again until 1653. Charles tried to have them arrested, but they managed to escape through the back door in the House of Common. -
English Civil War Begins
The English Civil War was fought between the Cavaliers (King Charles) and the Roundheads (Parliament).They found a leader in Oliver Crowmwell. -
Louis XIV reigns
Louis XIC becomes king at 5 years-old. He would become one of the greatest and longest lasting kings of France, strengthining hte government and making France the strongest nation inn Europe. e also ushered in a new era of art and culture, with everyone taking the French way. -
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was a leader for the Roundheads. He organized the army and one multiples battle that lead to victory. He would become the Puritan dictator and call himself the Lord Protector. He made evrything fun illegal. -
Thirty Years' War ends
The fighters sign a bunch of treaties, known as the Peace of Westphalia, after an exhausting 30 years. -
Peace of Westphalia
Series of treaties that brought new political order to all of Europe. -
Charles I Dies
Charles was tried and found guilty on accounts of Tyrranty, traitor, murder, and being a public enemy. His head was chopped off at his own count, being strong till the end. -
The Commonwealth
Parliament declared England a Commonwealth, abolishing the monarch and many other important things. It would be ruled by Puritan Oliver Cromwell. He would be known for banishing many fun things throughout England, lik Christmas. -
English Civil War Ends
The war comes to an end when CGarles was executed. Parliament officially banned the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Church of England. It would cebome knnown as the Commonwealth and would be ruled by Oliver Cromwell. -
Restoration
The Puritans lost control soon after Oliver's death, with many people not liking the Puritan way of life. The newly elected Parliament soon invited CHarles to rule England and he became known as King Charles II -
Versailles
Louis XIV ordered a royal hunting lodge to be transformed to the fanciest palace in all of Europe. No expense was spared during the construction and became the center of all political activity. It housed 10,000 people, ranging from nobles to servants. -
Revocation ofEdict of Nantes
King Louis XIV revocs the Edict of Nantes, causing thousands of Huguenots to flew France. This was devastating to France, as they were some of the most hard-working subjects, causing the economy to suffer. -
Glorious Revolution
After James II took over, he angered many by flaunting his catholic faith and giving to jobs to catholic officials. Parliament invited his daughter and husband, William and Mary, to take over. The bloodless take over where James flead to Franch is known as the Glorious Revolution. -
Bill of Rights
Parliament insisted on Mary and William to sign the English Bill of Rights. This document turned them to a limited monarchy, where the king and queens by make Parliament superior to the royalty. It also ensured the right of habeas corpus. -
Peter the Great Reigns
Peter the Great becomes tsar of Russia. He would become one of the best tsars to ever rule as he began to make Russia more modern. -
The Journey Begins
Peter journeys to the rest of Europe to furhter understand the advancing technology in the other great nations. This journey helped him decide to try to make Russia catch up with the customs of the rest of Europe. -
St. Petersburg
Peter ordered the construction of a marvelous city. He built this city along tthe Baltic coast, opening up Russia to the rest of the world through its port. It would become the capitol of Russia for many years. -
Death of Louis XIV
Louis XIV outlived his ons and grandsons. After his death, France was the strongest nation in Europe, but the treasurey was drained after years of warfare. His great-grandson took over after him, but was a far weaker king. -
Peter the Great Dies
When Peter died, his legacy was mixed with success and failure. Although Russian land was expanded and a port was built, most of the changes he made died with him.
