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Period: Jan 1, 1380 to
Commercial Revolution
The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the late 13th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the Industrial Revolution. -
Jan 1, 1529
Ottoman siege of Vienna
The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. The siege signalled the pinnacle of the Ottoman Empire's power and the maximum extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe. -
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Fontainebleau (22 October 1685) was an edict issued by Louis XIV of France, also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The Edict of Nantes (1598) had granted the Huguenots the right to practice their religion without persecution from the state. -
Period: to
Consumer Revolution
The term Consumer revolution refers to the period from approximately 1600 to 1750 in England in which there was a marked increase in the consumption and variety of "luxury" goods and products by individuals from different economic and social backgrounds. -
Reign of Louis XIV
Louis XIV (5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi-Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. -
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The English Civil War
Fought 1642-1651, the English Civil War saw King Charles I battle Parliament. The war began as a result of a conflict over the power of the monarchy and the rights of Parliament. -
The Trial of Galileo
The Galileo affair was a sequence of events, beginning around 1610, culminating with the trial and condemnation of Galileo Galilei by the Roman Catholic Inquisition in 1633 -
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of Bohemia (the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II) to impose Catholicism throughout his domains. Protestant nobles rebelled, and by the 1630s most of continental Europe was at war. -
The “Golden Age” of the Netherlands
This was a time for the dutch when they succeeded in trade, discovery, and the sciences. They gained immense wealth making this relevant. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes The Leviathan
The Leviathan was a book that established a social contract theory, had more relevance in later years. -
Oliver Cromwell’s Navigation Acts
Navigation Act 1651. ... The Navigation Act was passed on 9 October 1651 by the Rump Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell. It authorised the Commonwealth to regulate trade within the colonies. It reinforced a long-standing principle of government policy that English trade should be carried in English vessels. -
The English Monarchy Restored
King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. The Restoration of the English monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. -
Reign of Peter the Great
Peter the Great was born Pyotr Alekseyevich on June 9, 1672 in Moscow, Russia. Peter the Great was the 14th child of Czar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Having ruled jointly with his brother Ivan V from 1682, when Ivan died in 1696, Peter was officially declared Sovereign of all Russia -
Test Act in England
The Test Acts were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and nonconformists. -
The Baroque Period in art and music
The Baroque (US /bəˈroʊk/ or UK /bəˈrɒk/) is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music. -
The Enlightenment
European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the “long 18th century” -
Height of Mercantilism in Europe
Mercantilism is an economic system that dominated the major European trading nations during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. This "mercantile system" was based on the premise that national wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and collecting precious metals in return. -
Newton’s publication of the Principia Mathematica
the Principia, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687. After annotating and correcting his personal copy of the first edition, Newton also published two further editions, in 1713 and 1726. -
The “Glorious Revolution”
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). -
John Locke published Two Treatises of Government
Two Treatises of Government is a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke. -
War of Spanish Succession
he War of the Spanish Succession was the first world war of modern times with theatres of war in Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland, and at sea. Charles II, king of Spain, died in 1700 without an heir. In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou. -
Last appearance of the black plaugue
After this the plague disapeared mysteriously letting the population gropw more freely -
Reign of Catherine the Great of Prussia summary
Catherine II, often called Catherine the Great, was born on May 2, 1729, in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland), and became the Russian empress in 1762. Under her reign, Russia expanded its territories and modernized, following the lead of Western Europe. -
Reign of Maria Theresa of Austria
Archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia, began reign in 1740 -
War of Austrian Succession
War of the Austrian Succession, (1740–48), a conglomeration of related wars, two of which developed directly from the death of Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor and head of the Austrian branch of the house of Habsburg, on Oct. 20, 1740. -
Reign of Frederick the Great of Prussia
Frederick the Great, was Prussia's king from 1740 to 1786. By winning wars and expanding territories, he established Prussia as a strong military power. -
Diplomatic Revolution
The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was the reversal of longstanding alliances in Europe between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. -
Seven Years War
The seven years war was a war fought over 2 disputes. The maritime and colonial conflict, as well as the fight between Frederick the great and Austria, France, Russia, and Sweden. -
Jean Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract
A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences, also known as Discourse on the Sciences and Arts and commonly referred to as The First Discourse, is an essay by Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques -
American Revolution
This is a time when the American colonies revolted from British control. -
First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. -
Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith. -
French Revolution
Napoleon Bonaparte led the country at the time, during this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape -
Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication on the Rights of Women
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, written by the 18th-century British proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication on the Rights of Women
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, written by the 18th-century British proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft -
The Rococo Period in art and music
The Baroque period culminated in the masterpieces of J.S. Bach and G.F. Handel. In the middle of the eighteenth century, contemporaneous with the mature years of Bach and Handel, a new musical style developed that is known as Rococo or preclassical style -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe -
Congress of Vienna
Conveyed by 4 Europeans powers whom defeated Napolean -
Edward Jenner’s Smallpox Vaccination
dward Jenner (Figure (Figure11) is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox (2). Jenner's work is widely regarded as the foundation of immunology—despite the fact that he was neither the first to suggest that infection with cowpox conferred specific immunity to smallpox nor the first to attempt cowpox inoculation for this purpose. -
The Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution was a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. In this lesson, learn the timeline, causes, effects and major inventions that spurred this shift in production. -
The Classical Period in art and music
Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. It is mainly homophonic—a clear melody above a subordinate chordal accompaniment.
