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Preparations for War
Charles sent his wife Henrietta Maria to the Continent to enlist Catholic support for his cause against Parliament. She was also to pawn the crown jewels to buy arms. Although both sides were now preparing for war, negotiations continued. -
Nineteen Propositions
The Nineteen Propositions were issued by Parliament in the hopes of reaching a settlement with the King. They called for a new constitution recognising their own supremacy; demanded that ministers and judges should be appointed by parliament not by the King and also that all Church and military matters should come under the control of Parliament. -
Civil War - Standard raised
Charles raised his standard at Nottingham formally declaring war. However, both sides hoped that either war could be averted or that one decisive battle would put an end to the matter -
Solemn League and Covenant
This document swore to preserve the Church of Scotland and reform the religion of England and Ireland 'according to the word of God and the example of the best reformed churches' and to protect 'the rights and liberties of parliaments'. It was accepted by the English Parliament in September. -
Second Battle of Newbury
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Surrender to the Scots
Charles I surrendered to the Scots -
Surrender
Oxford, Charles I's capital surrendered to Parliament -
Charles I Imprisoned
The Scots handed Charles over to parliament. He was imprisoned in Holdenby House, Northamptonshire -
Putney Debates
This was a series of debates held by different Parliamentarian forces to try to decide on a new constitution -
Charles Escaped
Charles I escaped imprisonment and fled to Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight -
Charles Recaptured
Charles was recaptured and sent to Windsor Castle -
Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament began. All members of Parliament who were in favour of negotiating with the King had been expelled. The Rump Parliament gave parliament the right to make new Acts of Parliament without the king's approval -
Trial of King Charles began
King Charles was tried for treason by a High Court of Justice specially set up for the trial. The court found Charles guilty and sentenced him to death. -
Execution
King Charles I was executed by beheading, outside Whitehall Palace, London. He was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor.