-
Period: 849 to 899
Alfred the Great
Danelaw
defeated Danes, restorate London, established a Court School
(871) -
Period: 1016 to 1035
Cnut the Great
1016: Danes reinvaded and controlled most of England. Chosen by the Witan. King of England, Denmark, Norwegians and some of the swedes. -
Period: 1042 to 1066
Edward "the confessor"
more interested in the church than in kingship
vow of chastity, although married with Edith Godwinson -
Period: 1066 to 1066
Harold Godwinson
Edward's brother-in-law
strong leader with great military and diplomatic ability
his brother Tostig began a revolt -
Period: 1066 to 1087
William I
ruled Normandy as well as England
tried to disturb anglo-saxon institutions as little as possible
also held land in France -
Period: 1087 to 1100
William II
victorious general and wise ruler whose character was complex
possibly homosexual
died childless -
Period: 1100 to 1135
Henry I
acted quickly and take the crown -
Period: 1135 to 1154
Stephen
chosen instead of Matilda (only few nobles chose her)
she invaded England (civil war) -
Period: 1154 to 1189
Henry II
first of the Plantagenet kings
agreement between Matilda and stephen
Richard and John were against him -
Period: 1189 to 1199
Richard I
"The Absent King"
freed his mother from prison
brave, good soldier but of french culture, perfect feudal king -
Period: 1199 to 1216
John
unpopular because he was greedy
impose high taxes so the barons rebelled
forced to grant a charter, Magna Carta -
Period: 1216 to 1272
Henry III
only 9, he could not rule alone until he was 25
he favoured his french supporters and became involved in expensive wars -
Period: 1272 to 1307
Edward I
brought together the first real parliament
was the first king to create a representative institution
House of Lords/House of Commons -
Period: 1327 to 1377
Edward III
declared war on France (Hundred Years War)
son of Elizabeth who was the surviving daugther of the french king
was considered by many worthy to inherit the throne -
Period: 1377 to 1399
Richard II
hated by his nobles
sent his uncle John of Gaunt to prison
was forced to abdicate and was starved to death -
Period: 1399 to 1413
Henry IV
lived a 14 years long pacific reign -
Period: 1413 to 1422
Henry V
when he was about to become the king og England and France, he died -
Period: 1422 to 1461
Henry VI
become king as a baby
civilised gentleman, cultured, but mentally ill
terrible advisors: House of Lancaster -
Period: 1461 to 1483
Edward IV
put Henry VI into the tower of London -
Period: 1483 to 1483
Edward V
is a child
imprisoned with his brother into the Tower of London
later disappeared -
Period: 1483 to 1485
Richard III
unpopular -
Period: 1485 to 1509
Henry VII
Henry VI's welsh half brother
defeated Richard III and married Elizabeth, Edward IV's daughter
his aim was to make the crown financially independent -
Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII
he wanted to become an important influence and wasted much of his father's fortune to do so
changed sides according to the ally that most benefited him -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI
9 years old, ruled by a council
instructed in the new faith (Protestant) -
Period: 1553 to 1553
Jane Grey
Protestants put her on the throne in an attempt yo stop Mary
was an innocent 16 years old puppet during nine days -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I
married Phillip II of Spain
"turn or burn" - 300 were burnt during her reign
died childless -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I
Mary's half sister
established "a middle way" in religious matters
more catholic than protestant -
Period: to
James I
sucessful as king of Scotland. He believed in Absolutism
clever, well educated, good ruler: catholic and protestanst nobles under royal control. Always quarrelling with Parliament -
Period: to
Charles I
found himself quarrelling even more bitterly with the commons
surprised everyone by being able to rule sucessfully without Parliament. "Seven Years of Tyranny" -
Period: to
Oliver Cromwell
created a government far more severe
disagreement between the army and Parliament's dissolution
1653: He governed alone ("Lord Protector") -
Period: to
Richard Cromwell
quickly realised that he had not his father's genius and retired to his farm -
Period: to
Charles II
sympathies towards the Catholic Church
strong belief in absolutism -
Period: to
James II
tried to remove the laws which stopped Catholics from taking positions in government and Parliament
tried to bring back the Catholic Church -
Period: to
Mary II
married to William III
they had to accept the Bill of Rights if they wanted to govern together -
Period: to
William III
he wanted to protect Protestant rights
married to Mary II
they had to accept the Bill of Rights if they wanted to govern together -
Period: to
Anne
had 16 children, all died
1701, Act of Settlement: only a Protestant can be a king -
Period: to
George I
german king
First Prime Minister: Robert Walpole
power of the king was restricted and anti-Catholic -
Period: to
George III
did not want to continue the expensive war (7 years war)
wished to choose his own ministers and play a more active part in governig Britain -
Period: to
Queen Victoria
grandmother of Europe, restored crown popularity, longest reign, most celebrated monarch (shared the values and morality of the middle class)