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José Martí
José Martí was a Cuban politician, diplomat, poet, essayist, journalist and philosopher, founder of the Cuban Revolutionary Party and organiser of the Cuban War of Independence, during which he died in combat. He has been considered the initiator of literary modernism in Latin America. -
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
He was a Spanish politician and historian from the second half of the 19th century. He was the top leader of the Conservative Party. He was born in 1828 and died in 1897. He was also the President of the Council of Ministers six times. His main political rival was Sagasta -
Práxedes Mateo-Sagasta
He was a civil engineer and Spanish politician in the second half of the 19th century. He was a member of the Progressive, Constitutional and Liberal-Fusionist parties. He was born the 21st of July of 1825 and died the 5th of January of 1903.He held the post of President of the Council of Ministers for seven periods between 1870 and 1902. His main politician rival was Cánovas. -
Constitución de 1876
Fue promulgada el 30 de junio de 1876 al inicio del reinado de Alfonso XII, fue la base del régimen de la Restauración borbónica y le benefició a Alfonso XIII durante su reinado, ya que le otorgó el cargo político de mayor importancia. -
Alfonso XII
He was the king of Spain from1874 to 1885 when he died. He was the son of Isabel II. With his reign it started the Restoration. When he died there was a period of regency as his son was born some months after his dead and he was just a kid so his mother was the regent. -
María Cristina
She was the mother of Alfonso XIII and the wife of Alfonso XII so he played the role of queen regent during a period of time as his husband died in 1885 and his son was born some months later. She lived from 1858 to 1929. -
Rosa Luxemburgo
she was a Polish socialist theorist and activist, a key figure in the socialist movements in Poland and Germany in the early 20th century. She fought for workers' rights and advocated a radical transformation of society. She was noted for her defence of social justice and the emancipation of women. She was also an advocate of peace, opposed to imperialist war, and was active in founding the Spartacist League, which later became the Communist Party of Germany. -
Fernando XIII
He was the king of Spain from1886 to 1931 when the Second Republic was proclaimed. He was the son of Alfonso XII and María Cristina. While he was reigning it occured the disaster of '98 and Spain suffered a crisis. Then in 1923 Primo de Rivera staged a coup d'éstat and. He died in 1944 in Rome, in the exile. -
Partido Liberal
Originalmente conocido como Partido Liberal-Fusionista, fue un partido político español creado por Sagasta y que, con el Partido Conservador de Cánovas, se alternaría en el Gobierno, mediante el turnismo, durante la Restauración, entre 1881 y 1923. -
General Sanjurjo
José Sanjurjo was a Spanish military man active during the first third of the 20th century, to whom King Alfonso XIII granted the title of Marquis of the Rif for his participation during the Rif War, especially in the Al Hoceima landings. -
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Semana Trágica
Serie de sucesos acontecidos en Cataluña, Barcelona principalmente, como revueltas populares. -
José María Gil Robles
Alejandro Lerroux García was a Spanish politician of Republican ideology. He was President of the Council of Ministers on several occasions during the Second Republic, and was also a member of the Spanish Parliament. In his youth he was a prominent journalist, managing several newspapers.. -
Partido Conservador
Fue un partido creado por Cánovas en 1875, su objetivo era sustentar a Alfonso XIII. Durante la Restauración se turnó en el Gobierno con el Partido Liberal mediante el turnismo. -
Lluis Companys
Lluís Companys was a Spanish politician and lawyer, of Catalanist and Republican ideology, leader of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Spanish Minister of the Navy in 1933 and President of the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1934 to 1940. -
Lliga Regionalista
Fue un partido político español que tuvo importancia en el periodo de la Restauración, desde comienzos del siglo XX. Defendía el nacionalismo catalán. Siguió existiendo hasta la Guerra Civil. Un político importante fue Enric Prat de la Riba el cual consiguió el poder en una ocasión. -
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Dictadura de Primo de Rivera
Régimen autoritario que hubo en España tras el golpe de estado del general Primo de Rivera en 1923, con lo que expulsó al rey Alfonso XIII al exilio. -
Marcha sobre Roma
marcha con destino a Roma organizada por los camisas negras, que partían de distintas poblaciones italianas, y liderada por Mussolini. El objetivo era tomar el poder por la fuerza, dando un golpe de estado, que lo consiguieron y el rey Víctor Manuel II ofrecío el gobierno a Mussoini. Ocurrió entre el 27 y 29 de octubre de 1922. Esto supuso el fin del sistema parlamentario en Italia y el inicio del fascismo. -
Miguel Primo de RIvera
He was a Spanish military and dictator who goverened from 1923 to 1930. He was born in 1870 and died in 1930. He staged a coup d'estat which was accepted by the king. -
Unión General de Trabajadores
Es una unión sindical obrera española fundada en 1888. Sirvió para mejorar las condiciones de vida y empleo de los trabajadores. -
Las Sinsombrero
Término acuñado a las mujeres pertenecientes a la Generación de 1927, por destacar en diferentes campos como la literatura, la poesía, la pintura, la música, el cine o la filosofía. Muchas de ellas se exiliaron tras el estallido de la Guerra Civil. Se les llamó así, ya que se quitaron el sombrero públicamente, un acto que pretendía romper con las normas establecidas, y permitir "que las ideas volasen de su cabeza" -
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Segunda República
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Partido Nacionalista Vasco
Partido político español de ideología nacionalista vasca creado en 1895 por Sabino Arana. Tenía carácter xenófobo y racista ya que la llegada de inmigrantes cambió mucho la sociedad vasca. -
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Bienio Reformista
Tras salir de la dictadura de Primo de Rivera, se emplearon dos años para llevar a cabo un programa de reformas que abordasen la modernización del Estado -
Pacto de San Sebastián
Reunión promovida por la Alianza Republicana española en la cual, casi todos los partidos republicanos españoles acudieron para acordar la estrategia por la que pondrían fin al reinado del rey Alfonso XIII. Tuvo lugar en San Sebastián. Más tarde se sumaron el PSOE y la UGT. -
Niceto Alcalá Zamora
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres was a Spanish politician and jurist who held several ministries during the reign of Alfonso XIII, the presidency of the provisional government of the Second Republic and, finally, the post of president of the Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1936. -
Constitución de 1931
La constitución fue aprobada por las Cortes Generales tras las elecciones generales que siguieron a la Segunda República. Sin embargo fue derogada en 1939, con el fin de la Guerra Civil. -
Manuel Azaña
Manuel Azaña Díaz-Gallo was a Spanish politician, writer and journalist, President of the Council of Ministers and President of the Second Republic. -
Clara Campoamor
Carmen Eulalia Campoamor Rodríguez, known as Clara Campoamor, was a 20th century Spanish lawyer, writer, politician and women's rights advocate. -
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
Es un sindicato anarquista español fundado en 1910 que ayudó a la consolidación del anarquismo en España en el primer tercio del siglo XX. -
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Regencia de María Cristina
Fue un periodo en el cual María Cristina, madre de Alfonso XIII fue reina regenta debido a la muerte de su marido Alfonso XII. -
Benito Mussolini
He was an Italian politician, military man and fascist dictator, leader of the National Fascist Party and president of the Italian Council of Royal Ministers from 1922 to 1943. Mussolini established a totalitarian regime during the period known as Italian Fascism, under the patronage of King Victor Emmanuel III. As dictator and founder of fascism, Mussolini inspired the international spread of fascist movements. In 1922 he organised the March on Rome. -
Neville Chamberlain
Arthur Neville Chamberlain was a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940. He also signed the policy of appeasement with Nazi Germany and was Churchill's predecessor. -
Charles de Gaulle
He was a French general and statesman who led the French resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and presided over the provisional government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to re-establish democracy in France. His main work as Prime Minister was the promulgation of a new constitution, which ushered in the Fifth Republic once it was approved by referendum. He was born in 1890 and died in 1970. -
Winston Churchill
He was a British politician and military strategist absolutely essential in the WWII. He is considered the leader who made the Allies able to defeat the Axis Powers. Firstly he took part of the British army as a war correspondant and then in 1900 he started his politic career as he became a member of the parliament. He was also Prime Minister twice, from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955. He was born in 1874 and died in 1965. -
Adolf Hitler
He was an Austrian-born German politician, military man and dictator. He was the Führer of Germany from 1934 until his death in 1945, leading the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) to power and establishing a totalitarian regime during the period known as the Third Reich or Nazi Germany. He started World War II by invading Poland on 1 September 1939 and provoked the Holocaust. During his time in prison he also wrote the book My Struggle which outlines the principles of Nazism. -
Victoria Kent
Victoria Kent Siano was a Spanish Republican lawyer and politician. She was the second Spanish woman to be admitted to the bar after Ascensión Chirivella Marín and the first to be admitted to the Madrid Bar Association in 1925, during the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. -
Holocausto
Genocidio realizado por el régimen de la Alemania nazi contar los judíos en Europa durante la II Guerra Mundial. Fue el desenlace al concepto racista alemán “solución final”, el exterminio total de los judíos, puesto en marcha desde 1941. Se llevaba a los judíos a campos de concentración donde hacían un asesinato sistemático de ellos en las cámaras de gas. Duró hasta 1945 cuando acabó la II Guerra Mundial. -
Juicios de Núremberg
procesos judiciales por los cuales las naciones alaidas vencedoras de la 2GM juzgaron a los dirigentes, funcionarios y colaboradores del régimen fascista de Adolf Hitler, por los diferentes abusos y crímenes contra la humanidad. Estos juicios tuvieron lugar entre 1945 y 1946, en el palacio de la ciudad alemana de Núremberg, donde 10 años antes Hitler promulgó las leyes del nazismo. -
ONU
La Organización de Naciones Unidas es la mayor organización internacional existente. Se creó en 1945 tras la II Guerra Mundial para mantener la paz, aumentar la seguridad internacional y fomentar las relaciones entre países. Su sede reside en Nueva York, aunque tiene oficinas en distintos países. Se rige por una serie de cartas, que contienen los acuerdos firmados por los distintos países. Actualmente tiene 193 Estados miembros -
Sabino Arana
Sabino Arana was a Spanish politician, writer and ideologist, founder of the Basque Nationalist Party and considered to be the father of contemporary Basque nationalism. -
Enric Prat de la Riba
Enric Prat de la Riba was a lawyer and journalist, the first president of the Mancomunitat de Catalunya (1914-1917) and one of the main architects of the resurgence of Catalan national sentiment in the 20th century.