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500 BCE
Elder Sophists
A small group of Peripatetic teachers in Athens Greece.
Five known Elder Sohpists:
Protagoras of Abdera (ca.500-410 B.C.)
Gorgias of Leontini (ca 485-380 B.C.)
Prodikos of Ceos
Hippias
Thrasymachus
Acted as freelance teachers.
A Sophist demonstration took on of three forms
A prepared lecture
An extemporized lecture
Free Debate -
470 BCE
Socratic Method
Developed by Socrates (470-399 B.C.).
Used only fact that are already known to the pupil to develop inquiry. -
1079
Abelard
Developed a system of inquiry based on opposing viewpoints. The learner would review textual distortions based on the viewpoints. Led to the development of the scholastic method. -
Comenius
Developed 13 rules for instructional methods -
Lancasterian System
First used in the US in New York City.
Mass education at low cost.
Made use of slates, sand tables, wall charts, and blackboards. -
School Museums
School museums consisted of portable exhibits, stereo graphs, slides, films, study prints, charts and other materials.
First opened in St Louis 1905.
district wide media center is the equivalent today. -
Motion Picture Projector
Rochester, NY became the first to adopt films for regular instructional use. Started the audiovisual instruction movement -
Instructional Television
Federal Communications Commission set aside TV channels for education. This, along with funding from the Ford Foundation led to rapid growth of instructional Television.
Ford Foundation chose to focus spending on Public Television rather than school instruction. -
Bloom's Taxonomy
Bloom's taxonomy published which describes levels of objectives and skills that educators set for students. -
Scriven
Scriven describes and defines Formative and summative evaluation which were previously named by Lee Cronbach in 1963. -
Computers
Advancements in personal computers also led to the rapid advancement of computers in schools after 1995. -
E-Learning
E-Learning beginning to be adopted by some universities and colleges. -
E-Learning Standards
As E-Learning became more mainstream, standards started to be developed such as IMS and SCORM. -
Wikipedia
Wikipedia launched as an open sourced online encyclopedia. -
LMS
Learning Management Systems launched to supplement classroom instruction.