-
over land?
-
Petrarch develops ideas of humanism -
-
in Florence, in-and-out of power from behind the scenes to being official dukes of Grand Duchy of Tuscany
-
First African trading post. -
Invention of movable metal type, first used by Johann Gutenberg
-
Powerstruggle for the English drown between the houses of York and Lancaster
-
Links their two kingdoms now ruling the larger part of the Iberian peninsula
-
allows ferdinand and isabella to establish the Spanish inquisition
-
After defeating Karel de Stoute
-
year of establishment (under F&I) -
without realizing it! -
End of the Reconquista, also expelled all Jews from Spain -
-
-
At the request of Milan, because Florence and Naples were trying to take over territory from Milan -
Granted to Junkers by HRE
-
-
Port of Sevilla takes monopoly on trade in the New World. -
From the Muslims -
-
Medici pope;
St. Peters indulgences (naar voorbeeld van Johan Tetzel)
Excommunicated Martin Luther
Concordat of Bologna. -
Sent in a letter to his bishop (name= ???) -
to the new world colonies -
-
Meeting called for by Charles the V to adress protestantism and Martin Luther's theses. Luther is asked to revoke his words, which he doesn't do. Therefore Charles outlaws him. -
-
Wars between the Habsburg family and the French crown, fighting took place on Italian soil.
-
Takes over all colonial affairs
-
Medici pope
-
Agv. Luthers' ideas (promise of social change) didn't give them a lot of social change, but their position improved slighty through meadows, enclosed fields and forests being returned to the commons -
Which allowed the spread of protestantism in Hungary. -
Henry VIII ends authority of the Pope in England
-
-
-
counter-reformation: behaviour change popes, education and stricter control way of life of the clergy, Holy office (jurisdiction over inquisition)
-
Angela Medici establishes the Ursulines as first women's teaching order -
Calvin publishes his 'The Institutes of the Christian Religion' -
-
Or: the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition -
-
Counter-Reformation:
- add descriptions -
Temporary restoration of Catholocism in England
-
cuius regio, eius religio -
-
-
-
Meant for artistic training -
-
Killing of hundreds of protestants or hugenots in France right before the Marriage of Catherine of Valois (???) and Henry of Navarre. -
Dutch rebels officially don't recognize Philip II of Spain as their monarch any more -
Murdered by Balthasar Gérard (Burgundian Catholic) -
Sent by Filips the II of Spain -
-
Introduced by Henry VI (Henry of Navarre) - freedom of conscience and ??? for protestants -
-
Period after the death of Ivan IV (The Terrible) in which his relatives struggled to take over power. Eventualy Michael Romanov (16 years old) was put on the throne.
-
-
-
Micheal Romanov ascends to the throne -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
He ruled from a very young age, so the first years of his reign he wasn't wielding power. His mother and Cardinal Richelieu were.
-
Ending the 30-years war and all the related or constituting conflicts -
Ending Dutch-Spanish war (80 years war), part of the treaty of Westphalia -
-
-
-
Under Oliver Cromwell (the Protectorate)
-
-
Meant to re-Catholicize England. -
-
Allowing catholics freedom of conscience and freedom of practice in 150 fortified cities. -
Repeals the declaration of indulgence, safeguarding the position of the Anglican church, catholics lose their rights. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sparking the war of Spanish succession -
-
