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Period: 2070 BCE to 1600 BCE
Xia dynasty
It was the first dynasty recorded in Chinese history. The political form of the Xia Dynasty is generally considered to have consisted of a number of tribal alliances or complex unions in the form of chiefdoms. It initiated nearly 4,000 years of hereditary kingship in China. The Xia Dynasty consisted of fourteen dynasties, seventeen kings, and the king was surnamed Si, which lasted for 470 years before it was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty. -
1600 BCE
Battle of Mingtiao
Around 1600 B.C., Shang Tang fought a decisive battle against the Xia army at Mingjiao; the war led to the fall of the Xia Dynasty, and Tang founded the Shang Dynasty. -
Period: 1600 BCE to 1045 BCE
Shang dynasty
It is the earliest dynasty in Chinese history with written records of the time remaining to this day, using oracle bone and gold writing. The Shang Dynasty moved its capital several times in the early part of its history, with Pan Geng moving the capital to Yin. The last ruler of the Shang Dynasty, Dixin, was defeated by King Wu of Zhou at the Battle of Mukeno and burned himself to death. -
1046 BCE
Battle of Muye
It is the earliest verifiable war in Chinese history. In 1046 B.C., Zhou sent troops to attack Yin and Shang while they were on their main eastward campaign against the Eastern Barbarians. Yin and Shang were defeated in this battle, and Dixin killed himself, resulting in the fall of the Shang dynasty -
Period: 1046 BCE to 256 BCE
Zhou dynasty
The last hereditary dynasty to fully implement the feudal system, it can be divided into the Western Zhou and the Eastern. In 256 BC, King Zhaoxiang of Qin deposed King Blushing of Zhou, and the Eastern Zhou died. During the Eastern Zhou period, Shang Yang changed the law, and in 221 BC, King Ying Zheng of Qin unified the countries and established the Qin Dynasty -
Period: 1045 BCE to 771 BCE
Western Zhou
Western Zhou Dynasty, the state name was Ji. It originally lived in the Weishui Valley. Later, it moved to Zhou Yuan under Qishan Mountain to escape from the Rongdi. From the destruction of the Shang Dynasty by King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty in 1046 BC to the murder of King Yu of the Zhou Dynasty by Marquis Shen and the Injun Rong in 771 BC, there were 11 generations and 12 kings, which lasted for about 352 years. -
771 BCE
Battle of Mount Li
The Scourge of the Injuns, which occurred in 771 BC, saw the Marquis of Shen, in conjunction with the State of Zeng and the Injuns, attack the Zhou Dynasty, resulting in the murder of King Yu of Zhou, marking the end of the Western Zhou period. -
Period: 771 BCE to 256 BCE
Eastern Zhou
It is the name given to the Zhou Dynasty since King Ping of Zhou moved eastward, as opposed to the Western Zhou, which had its capital at Haojing. The Eastern Zhou was also the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period. -
Period: 770 BCE to 481 BCE
Spring and Autumn period
It was the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. After King Ping moved to the east, the power of the Zhou was greatly reduced, and it did not have enough prestige to command the vassals. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the Zhou Emperor was weakened and the lords were in conflict. Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin, and King Zhuang of Chu became hegemons. -
Period: 475 BCE to 211 BCE
Warring States period
The Warring States (战国), is a period in Chinese history. It ended in 221 BC. The first half of the Eastern Zhou was the Spring and Autumn Period, and the second half was the Warring States Period: the first 256 years of the Eastern Zhou were already destroyed by Qin, so the Eastern Zhou did not fully include the Warring States Period. The Warring States period was characterized by endless wars among the vassal states, so it was called the "Warring States" in later times. -
221 BCE
the Battle of Qin against Qi
Qin unified the Central Plains during the Warring States period -
Period: 221 BCE to 206 BCE
Qin dynasty
It was the first great unified and centralized empire in Chinese history. Qin Wangzheng established the Qin Dynasty and proclaimed himself Shih Huangdi, henceforth China had the title of Emperor. He introduced a uniform road system for vehicles, a uniform script for books, a uniform ethic for behavior, and implemented changes in politics, military, economy, and transportation. -
202 BCE
Chu-Han War
The Chu-Han War was a war between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang for the power to rule after the fall of the Qin Dynasty. It began after the fall of the Qin Dynasty and continued until Xiang Yu killed himself by the Wujiang River. The Chu-Han War ended the short-lived division after the civil unrest at the end of the Qin Dynasty, and was another war of Chinese unification following the destruction of the Six Kingdoms by the Qin Dynasty. -
Period: 202 BCE to 9
Western Han
Part of the Han Dynasty, which saw the emergence of countless talented people expanding their territories and developing technology, but died out due to the mediocrity of the last emperor -
Period: 202 BCE to 220
Han dynasty
The Han Dynasty, which emerged after the Qin Dynasty, was an empire in Chinese history that spanned the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, and had an important position in the history of China as a bridge between the past and the present. The Han Dynasty is divided into two historical periods, the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, with Wang Mang usurping the Han Dynasty to establish a new one in the middle, with a total of 29 emperors. -
Period: 9 to 23
Xin dynasty
Xin, a short-lived dynasty in Chinese history between the two Han dynasties, established by a coup d'état by Wang Mang, a powerful minister of the Western Han Dynasty, with only one generation of emperors and the capital Chang'an -
Period: 25 to 220
Eastern Han
In the second half of the Han Dynasty, the first emperor was Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han, and the last emperor was Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han. The Eastern Han was a powerful country in the world at that time, and the Guangwu Zhongxing and Mingzhangzhi reigns in the first sixty-odd years of the period were also one of the great periods in Chinese history. -
Period: 220 to 266
Wei
Jin (晋) was a northern Chinese regime during the Three Kingdoms period in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It began in 220 when Cao Pi accepted the abdication of Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and replaced Han with Wei, and was renamed Jin in 266 when Sima Yan accepted the abdication of Liu Xie and became emperor. -
Period: 220 to 280
Three Kingdoms
It was a period in Chinese history when three states stood side by side -
Period: 221 to 263
Shu
It was one of the southwestern states during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.In 220, the Eastern Han Dynasty officially collapsed.In 221, Liu Bei, King of Hanzhong, claimed the title of Emperor in Chengdu as a royal member of the Han Dynasty and declared that he inherited the Han Dynasty, with the state name still being "Han". -
Period: 229 to 280
Wu
It was a regime in the southeastern part of China during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. It began in 222 when Emperor Wen of Wei made Sun Quan King of Wu, and finally merged into the Western Jin Dynasty in 280 -
Period: 266 to 300
Western Jin
It is a dynasty after Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history. From February 266, when Emperor Si Ma Yan of Jin Dynasty changed his name to Taishi, to 316, when Emperor Jin Min was captured, the Western Jin Dynasty lasted for 51 years with three generations and four emperors. -
Period: 266 to 420
Jin dynasty
It is one of the dynasties in Chinese history, divided into the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The two dynasties are known as the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and are collectively known as the "Two Jin Dynasties". -
311
Yongjia disaster
The Xiongnu, a nomadic people in northern China, defeated the garrison of Luoyang, the capital of Western Jin, and went on a rampage of looting and killing, capturing the Emperor Huai of Jin and other princes and ministers, and the Western Jin Dynasty collapsed in 316. -
Period: 317 to 420
Eastern Jin
As a result of the war waged by the nomads in the north, Emperor Huai of Jin and Emperor愍 of Jin were captured and killed, and Si Ma Rui, King of Langya, was crowned Emperor Yuan of Jin in Jiankang, known as Eastern Jin Dynasty. -
Period: 420 to 589
Northern and Southern dynasties
It is a period in Chinese history, beginning with the establishment of the Song Dynasty by Liu Yu in 420 in place of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and ending with the destruction of Chen by Sui in 589, following the Two Jin Dynasties, the Sixteen Kingdoms of Wu Hu, and the Sui Dynasty. It is called the Northern and Southern Dynasties because the north and south were opposed to each other for a long period of time. -
Period: 581 to 618
Sui dynasty
The Sui Dynasty ended the division of China that had existed since the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, and re-established a great unitary state -
Period: 618 to 907
Tang dynasty
An important dynasty in Chinese history, it lasted 289 years and had 21 emperors. The state name Tang is the ancient name of Jin. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful Han-dominated, multi-ethnic and unified empire founded by Tang Gaozu Li Yuan -
755
An Lushan rebellion
The civil war between An Lushan, the Hedong governor, and Shi Siming, the Pinglu governor, who fought with the Tang royal family for the right to rule, and the unrest among the clans were the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. -
Period: 907 to 979
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
The period began with the fall of the Tang Dynasty and ended with the unification of most of the Han lands by the Song Dynasty. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was essentially a continuation of the politics of the Late Tang Dynasty and the clans and towns division -
Period: 960 to 1279
Song dynasty
According to the change of capital and territory, it can be subdivided into the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, collectively known as the Two Songs, which lasted for a total of 319 years. The two Songs were ruled by a total of 18 emperors, making it the longest dynasty in China after the establishment of the emperor system. -
Period: 1271 to 1368
Yuan dynasty
It was a dynasty in Chinese history founded by the Mongols -
Period: 1368 to
Ming dynasty
It was a great unified dynasty in Chinese history after Yuan, and the last ancient dynasty ruled by Han Chinese, with 12 generations and 16 emperors, and a reign of 277 years. -
Period: to
Qing dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China's history, founded by the Manchus, with the Aisin Gioro clan originating from the Jianzhou Jurchen clan in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty had 11 emperors, with four other Jianzhou Jurchen leaders and a Khan of the Later Jin Dynasty posthumously honored as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, with a reign of 276 years. -
The Battle of the Eight-Nation Alliance
After the Qing Dynasty declared war on Russia, Germany, France, the United States, Japan, Austria, Italy, and the United Kingdom in 1900, a combined expeditionary force of eight nations was dispatched to fight against the xenophobic Boxer Rebellion under the guise of protecting the embassies and expatriates in Beijing, as well as the war between the Qing Dynasty, which had once supported the Boxer Rebellion. -
Period: to
Republic of China (ROC)
On October 10, 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and the revolutionaries proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) in Nanjing on January 1, 1912. A few months later, Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty abdicated by imperial decree, and the ROC formally succeeded to Chinese power from the Qing Dynasty.