Civil Rights Timetoast

Dred Scott V. Sandford

1857

Dred Scott was a free man that resided in a free state and in the Louisiana territory where slavery was forbidden. After returning back home he filed for a lawsuit and was stating that due to where he lives he's allowed to be free but his owner disagreed with that law in his home town. However, he lost the case and was not granted his wishes.

13th Amendment

1865

This amendment known as the Thirteenth Amendment main purpose is to to the abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except punishments for a crime. This amendment once ratified gave the many slaves freedom which was during this time period was during the Reconstruction era following the Civil War.

14th Amendment

1868

This amendment is known as the 14th amendment which purpose is to address citizenship rights and equal protection under the law. This law was also created around the American Civil War era which was made in response to issues related to former slaves.

15th Amendment

1869

This amendment protected the people's right to vote. Meaning that due to race, color and or ethnicity they could not deny the people's right to vote.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

Plessy v. Ferguson was a U.S Supreme Court case that was focused around the law of racial segregation for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality. This is also known was a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". The decision legitimized the many state laws re-establishing racial segregation that had been passed in the South after the end of the Reconstruction Era.

19th Amendment

1920

This amendment is known as the nineteenth amendment which purpose was to grant American women the right to vote, also known as women’s suffrage. This amendment right ended a century long protest where women would come together in conventions and demand they can vote.

Brown v. Board of Education

1954

Brown v. Board of Education was a major Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. In this case the Court's unanimous decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal", and therefore violated the 14th amendment.

Civil Rights Act Of 1964

1964

This civil act outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, and later sexual orientation and gender identity. It also prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools and public accommodations, and employment discrimination.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

1965

This voting rights act helped outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states. This occurred after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. This was to prevent blacks from voting which is against the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution. This also relates to the civil rights act of 1964.

Reed v. Reed

1971

Reed v. Reed was a supreme court case that ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. The court ended up making an unanimous decision that was ruled the discriminations or unfair treatment of men and women is unjust.

Title IX

1972

The Title IX amendment was apart of the education amendments. This amendment in particular was known to ensure that no person should be excluded from participation in, and or denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination bases on their sex.

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

1978

Allan Bakke, a thirty-five-year-old white man, had twice applied for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis. He was rejected both times. The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for "qualified" minorities, He was not granted addmission so he took the case to court and the court ruled that it was upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

Americans With Disabilities Act

1990

The Americans with Disabilities Act or ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It has similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal. This right also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities.

Obergefell v. Hodges

2015

Obergefell v. Hodges is a legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5–4) on June 26, 2015.In this case, it state that bans on same-sex marriage and on recognizing same-sex marriages duly are allowed and having laws against them is unconstitutional. This is under the law and protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.