-
Friedrich Miescher
isolated "nuclein," DNA with associated proteins from cell nuclei, being the first to identify DNA as a distinct molecule -
PA Levene
Discovered that the cell nucleus contained two types of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). He also found that DNA contained the four bases, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. -
Joachim Hammerling
Conducted an experiment involving a one-celled green algae, which helped people prove that DNA is located in the nucleus and controls the cell and is also responsible for growth and development. -
Avery, McLeod and McCarty
they proved that DNA can transform the properties of cells, which clarified the chemical nature of genes, whereas previously, proteins were believed to do this and the deoxyribonucleic acid was thought to be relatively unimportant -
Erwin Chargaff
Established that the ratio of purines to pyrimidines was 1, as was the ratio of Guanine to Cytosine and Adenine to Thymine. Also discovered that DNA composition is specific to the species, and the ratios are similar across an organism. -
Rosalind Franklin
Took x-ray of DNA, which revealed the helix structure, and the phosphates on the outside of the helix. -
Alfred and Martha Chase
discovered that DNA was the genetic material, not protein through experiment involving bacteriophage -
Linus Pauling
Proposed that DNA was a triple helix, model had mistakes such as including a neutral phosphate group, and it conflicted with acidity of DNA -
Watson and Crick
Discovered that the DNA is double stranded was a double-helix polymer, spiral with two DNA strands, each containing chain of monomer nucleotides. -
References
http://www.aai.org/about/History/Notable_Members/Nobel/Hershey_Alfred.html
https://www.genome.gov/25520250/online-education-kit-1944-dna-is-transforming-principle/
http://www.dnaftb.org/19/bio-3.html
http://www.livescience.com/39804-rosalind-franklin.html
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Linus_Pauling
http://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/biology-general/erwin-chargaff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff#Chargaff.27s_rules