Development Timeline

Infancy (0 to 2 years)

1 CE

Piaget states that newborns interact with their environment entirely through reflexive behaviors. Newborns learn to trust their caregivers. Newborns start to understand what is right and what is wrong as part of moral development. Infants develop the ability to move their bodies and move objects. The skills infants learn are continuous, for example they continue to learn to use different muscles. Some skills are discontinuous because they stop using certain reflexes.

Early Childhood (2 to 6 years)

2

Early childhood cognitive developments include pre-reading, language, vocabulary, and numbers. The social development of children includes interacting with others and to regulate their own behavior. Children learn the difference between moral rules and learn to make personal choices. The physical development of early childhood is to use muscles more and to grow in weight and height at a slower pace. Children continuously grow and learn new skills.

Middle Childhood (6 to 11 years)

3

The thinking style gradually becomes more logical, organized, and flexible as well, in the cognitive development of middle childhood. The social development during middle childhood shows that children recognize their emotions and learn to regulate their own emotions. In moral development, children learn to avoid punishment. The physical development of children is when their stamina increases and they start to participate in physical activities. They continuously learn logically and emotionally.

Adolescence (11 to 18 years)

4

Cognitive development for adolescences is to acquire the ability to think systematically. Teenagers become more autonomous from their parents, spends more time with peers, and begin exploring relationships. Moral development skills include self-management, behavior, conscience, and identity. Physical development in teenagers includes the maturing of adrenal glands and sex glands, as well as primary characteristics. Their ability to interact with others is continuous from a very young age.

Emerging adulthood (18 to 25 years)

5

Cognitive development for emerging adulthood is to learn to make decisions on realistic choices, they are also not influenced by what others think. Social development in emerging adulthood is to start getting involved in romantic relationships and explore adult responsibilities. The moral development of emerging adulthood is to develop proper attitudes and behaviors. Physical development includes an increase in body mass. Immaturity starts to discontinue during this stage.

Adulthood (25 to 65 years)

6

A decrease in memory, processing speed, spatial ability, and abstract reasoning is part of cognitive development in adulthood. Social skills and emotional maturity is used for relationships as well as empathy for others for social development in adulthood. Moral development in adults is to feel they need to be obeyed. Adults are at their peak for muscle strength. At this stage is the knowledge of knowing what is right and wrong is discontinuous and now they feel they need to be obeyed.

Late Adulthood (65+ years)

7

Cognitive development includes retaining memories and vocabulary. Social development in late adulthood includes retirement from work. Moral development in late adulthood includes having respect for people in society. The physical development in late adulthood includes losing elasticity, vision and hearing declines, muscle tone diminishes, and the immune system weakens. Discontinuity in late adulthood is the memory of things or vocabulary, they now retain it.