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Period: 1452 to 1519
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance artist, inventor and polymath. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest artists of all time and is known for his masterpieces such as the Mona Lisa. He was also a prolific inventor and made significant contributions to fields such as engineering, anatomy, and astronomy. His notebooks are considered some of the most valuable documents in history.
Link: https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/leonardo-da-vinci-hombre-adelantado-a-su-tiempo_7277 -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
The long struggle between the Ottomans and the Byzantine Empire ended on 29 May 1453, when Constantinople was conquered by the troops of Mehmed II at the end of one of the greatest sieges in history.
( National Geographic )
Video ---> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpLV5qHm2Vs -
1455
Printing press by Gutemberg
Invented in 15th century by Gutenberg, printing press revolutionized the world by enabling the mass production of printed materials. -
Period: 1475 to 1504
Catholic Kings´reign
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile brought Spain out of the Middle Ages and shared the power. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in America ushered in a new era of trade, from which its promoters would profit with vast quantities of goods unknown in the Old Continent, both precious metals and exotic foods.
( National Geographic )
Video ---> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuinzvnLxu0
Picture ---> https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/r/fotos/reyes_catolicos.jpg -
Period: 1475 to 1564
Michael Angelo
Michelangelo was an Italian Renaissance artist, sculptor and architect. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest artists of all time and is known for his masterpieces such as the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the sculpture of David. He was also a prolific architect and designed several notable buildings, including St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. His works had a profound impact on the development of Western art.
Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michelangelo -
1492
Discovery of America
The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did. Instead, he stumbled upon the Americas.
( history.com )
Video---> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHlfzBNnhqI -
1494
Tordesillas Treaty
The treaty was brokered by Pope Alexander VI and established an imaginary line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, dividing the world into two parts. The treaty was an important milestone in the history of exploration and colonialism, and marked the beginning of the expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas and Asia.
Link: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/treaty-tordesillas/ -
Period: 1500 to 1555
Juana I of Castilla´s reign
The death of her older brothers and a nephew made her heiress to the Crowns of Castile and Aragon from 1500 ( Biografiasyvidas.com )
Some people call her "Juana la Loca", but I think she was depressed and more when her husband Felipe el Hermoso dead.
Video ---> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JGz-23Rc7E -
Period: 1509 to 1564
John Calvin
He was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation and is best known for his teachings on predestination and his role in establishing Calvinism. His influential work, "Institutes of the Christian Religion," laid out the theological foundation for the Calvinist movement, which spread throughout Europe and eventually to America.
Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Calvin -
Period: 1516 to 1558
Carlos V´s reign
He grew up and was educated in the region of Flanders . When he was 4 years old he was recognised as Prince of Castile, on the death of his grandmother Isabella the Catholic.
In 1516, Charles inherited the crown of Spain. In 1517 he landed on Spain to become king, the first of the Habsburg dynasty.
Link: http://sites.oxy.edu/guillenf/espanol302/recursos/galeria%20de%20im%C3%A1genes/personajeshist%C3%B3ricos/carlos%20Vbiograf%C3%ADa.html -
1517
Martin Luther 95 theses
In 1517, Martin Luther, a German monk, posted 95 theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. He argued that salvation came from faith alone, not through good works or the church's sacraments. This sparked the Protestant Reformation, which led to the formation of new Christian denominations and a schism within the Catholic Church. -
1534
Henry VIII Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII of England passed the Act of Supremacy, which declared him the supreme head of the Church of England, separating it from the authority of the Pope in Rome. This enabled him to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn. The act solidified the English Reformation and established the Anglican Church. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
Was a series of meetings held by the Catholic Church to address the Protestant Reformation. It reafirmed the authority of the Pope, rejected Protestant beliefs such as sola scriptura and sola fide, and established the Catholic Church's doctrine on a range of topics including the sacraments, original sin, and the role of the clergy.
Link: https://www.britannica.com/event/Council-of-Trent -
Period: 1556 to
Felipe II´s reign
Philip II was king of Spain, Castile, Aragon and Navarre, Naples, Sicily,... He was the son of Charles I of Spain, great-grandson of the Catholic Monarchs, and of Isabella of Portugal, infanta of that country, and also great-granddaughter of the Catholic Monarchs (making Philip II the son of cousins).
Info: https://www.armadainvencible.org/felipe-ii-toda-la-informacion-datos-y-biografia-completa/#Quien_era_Felipe_II -
Period: to
Felipe III´s reign
Philip III, , king of Spain and of Portugal whose reign was a successful peaceful foreign policy in western Europe and internally by the expulsion of the Moriscos.
Though pious, benevolent, and highly virtuous in private conduct, Philip, after he became king , showed himself to be indolent and indifferent to his responsibilities.
Info: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-III-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal -
Period: to
Velázquez
Diego Velázquez was a Spanish painter. He is considered one of the greatest artists of the Baroque period and is known for his realistic depictions of people and everyday life. His masterpieces include Las Meninas and The Surrender of Breda. Velázquez was also a court painter for King Philip IV and had a significant impact on Spanish art.
Link: https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/v/velazquez.htm -
Period: to
Felipe IV´s reign
During the first stage of his reign he shared responsibility for affairs of state with Don Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, who pursued an ambitious warmongering policy abroad and a reformist policy at home that sought to maintain Spanish hegemony in Europe.
Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-IV-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal -
Period: to
Carlos II´s reign
Charles II of Spain was the last monarch of the Habsburg dynasty, whose reign was marked by a political, economic and social crisis in the country. In addition, the Spanish economy was affected by inflation and corruption in the public administration.
Info: https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/fin-austrias-muerte-carlos-ii-2_18474 -
Period: to
Spanish Succession War
The War of the Spanish Succession was an international conflict that erupted after death of Charles II of Spain. The struggle for the crown pitted the Habsburg houses against each other and took place in European, American and Asian territories. The victory of Philip V supported by France, marked the end of the Spanish Empire and the beginning of the Modern Age in Europe.
Link: https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/guerra-sucesion-y-caida-barcelona-11-septiembre-1714-2_10653 -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of political and social change in France. The monarchy was abolished, the First Republic was established, laws guaranteeing equality and freedom were enacted, and violent repression was carried out against political opponents. The Revolution had a significant impact on the history of Europe and the formation of modern democracy.
Link: https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/revolucion-francesa-fin-antiguo-regimen2_6774
