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Jan 1, 1095
First Christian Crusades Begin
armies of Christians from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II’s demand to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land. -
Period: Jan 1, 1095 to Jan 1, 1290
The Crusades
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Jan 1, 1096
4 Crusade Armies form
Four armies of Crusaders were formed from troops of different Western European regions -
Period: Jan 1, 1096 to Jan 1, 1099
First Crusade
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May 1, 1097
Attack on Nicea
In May 1097, the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attacked Nicea. The city surrendered in late June. -
Jun 1, 1098
Capture of Antioch
capturing the great Syrian city of Antioch in June 1098. -
Jan 1, 1130
Muslim forces gain ground in Holy War
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Jan 1, 1147
The Second Crusade Begins
Led by two great rulers, King Louis VII of France and King Conrad III of Germany, the Second Crusade began in 1147 -
Period: Jan 1, 1147 to Jan 1, 1149
The Second Crusade
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Oct 1, 1147
Turks crushed Conrad’s forces
The Turks crushed Conrad’s forces at Dorylaeum, site of a great victory during the First Crusade. -
Jan 1, 1169
Nur al-Din’s forces captured Cairo
forced the Crusader army to evacuate. -
Jan 1, 1174
Nur al-Din’s death
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Jan 1, 1187
Campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
In 1187, Saladin began a major campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. His troops virtually destroyed the Christian army at the battle of Hattin, taking the city along with a large amount of territory. -
Period: Jan 1, 1189 to Jan 1, 1192
The Third Crusade
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Sep 1, 1191
Battle of Arsuf
In September 1191, Richard’s forces defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf; it would be the only true battle of the Third Crusade. -
Sep 1, 1192
Jerusalem Reestablished
In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty that reestablished the Kingdom of Jerusalem
