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Dred Scott v. Sandford
he lived in Illinois which was a free state and in the Louisiana Territory, where slavery was not allowed by the Missouri Compromise of 1820. After returning to Missouri, Scott filed suit in Missouri court for his freedom, claiming that his residence in free territory made him a free man. After losing, Scott brought a new suit in federal court. -
13th amendment
This amendment abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude except punishment for a crime. This amendment was passed on January 31, 1865 -
14th amendment
The 14th amendment was passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866 and ratified two years later on July 9, 1868. The 14th amendment granted citizenship to all people who were born or naturalized in the United States. Which includes former enslaved people and guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws. -
15th amendment
The 15th amendment was passed by Congress February 26 1869, and ratified February 3 1870. The15th amendment granted citizens on the right to vote and cant be denied based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson made a huge impact in 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the separate but equal doctrine. The case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for Black people. Plessy v. Ferguson was the first major inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal-protection clause -
19th amendment
The 19th amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920 but was approved on June 4 1919. The 19th amendment gave the women the right to vote, as known as women's suffrage -
Brown v. Board of Education
Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbid discrimination on the basis of the citizens' race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of their gender, race in hiring, promoting, and firing. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The voting rights were looked at to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment. -
Reed v. Reed
Reed v. Reed was the first major Supreme Court case that extinguished that discrimination based on gender was unconstitutional because it denies equal protection.After the death of their adopted son, both Sally and Cecil Reed sought to be named the administrator of their son's estate -
Title IX
Title IX is a federal civil rights law in the United States of America that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It forbids sex-based discrimination in any school. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial quotes in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school's use of affirmative action to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H.W.. The act doesn't allow discrimination against individuals with disabilities in any areas of public life, jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
In the Obergefell v. Hodges case, groups of same-sex couples sued their relevant state agencies in Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee to face the constitutionality of those states' bans on same-sex marriage or refusal to recognize legal same-sex marriages that occurred in jurisdictions that provided for such marriages.