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Dred Scott v Sandford
In case that decided if decedents of slaves or slaves should be considered property or free people -
14th amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws -
15th amendment
The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 t extend suffrage to African Americans -
• Plessy v. Ferguson
Ruled that separated but equal was constitutional, that created the precedent that schools and public places could be segregated -
19th Amendment
Constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote -
White Primary
Means by which white people used to discourage African Americans voting that permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary election -
• Brown v. Board of Education
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24th Amendment
abolished taxes on voting -
poll taxes
Small taxes levied on the right to vote, that often fell due at a time of year when poor Afric Amer sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. Method used in Southern states to exclude Afric. Amer from voting registers. Declared void by the 24th Amend in 1964. -
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
The law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination. See also civil rights movement and civil rights policies. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
. Under the law, federal registrars were sent to Southern states and counties that had long histories of discrimination; as a result, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of black elected officials increased dramatically. -
Affirmative action
law/regulation that take positives steps increase the number or proportion of women, African Americans, or other minorities in schools , public jobs and positions -
Reed v. Reed
First time the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment was used to strike down a law against woman. People should be treated independent of their sex -
• Equal Rights Amendment
Part of the 14th Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people. As one member of Congress said during debate on the Amendment, it should provide "equal protection of life, liberty, and property" to all a state's citizens. -
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race. The Court did not, however, rule that such affirmative action policies and the use of race as a criterion for admission were unconstitutional, only that they had to be formulated differently -
• Bowers v. Hardwick
Supreme court decided that the US constitution did not had the power to protect homosexual marriage -
• Americans with Disabilities Act
A law that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. -
• Motor Voter Act
allowed voters to register through mail -
Lawrence v. Texas
Supreme court decided that the states could not interfere with two consenting adults private sexual life's. So they stroke down any laws that prohibited gay marriage/ relationships -
Obergefell v. Hodges
the Supreme Court case where it was ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause. -
13th Amendment
The constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude