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Dred Scott v. Sandford
The first lawsuit took 11 years which ruled in favor of Sandford and went through the Missouri courts. Scott then filed a new lawsuit that made its way to the supreme court. The result of the case stated that people who were enslaved were not United States citizens. Later the case was overturns by the 13th and 14th amendments. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment was passed in 1865 and it abolished legal slavery in the United States. It said that no slavery or involuntary servitude was allowed at all. Even after it was passed there was/is a lot of segregation. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment made it so that no state could deprive a citizen of their life, liberty, or property. It also granted citizenship to people born in the United States. This included formally enslaved people and granted them equal protection under the laws. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment granted African American males the right to vote. This was a big step because African Americans were going to finally be able to have a voice on who were in government offices. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson made it so that there was legal segregation in the United States. They called it "separate-but-equal" and ruled that the discrimination in public facilities was constitutional. -
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Jim Crow Era
The Jim Crow Era was a time where racial segregation was legalized. This era basically made it so African Americans couldn't vote, hold jobs, get an education, and lots of other things. Those who defy the Jim Crow laws often faced, arrest, fine, jail sentences, violence and death. -
Nineteenth Amendment
The Nineteenth Amendment made it so voting was available to (almost) everyone. It basically said that no voting rights should be restricted by the United States or any state on account of sex. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In Brown v. Board of Education the justices ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional. This also ruled that Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Lyndon Johnson prohibited discrimination in public places. This act made it possible to integrate schools and public transportation. This act also made discrimination in public transport illegal. -
Affirmative Action
This law was signed by Lyndon Johnson. Affirmative Action was made to help increase opportunities for employment for African Americans. The Affirmative Action gave everyone equal rights for jobs without discrimination due to gender, sexuality, national origin, race, or color. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Again during Lyndon Johnsons presidency, he passed the voting rights act to overcome legal barriers for African American voting rights. It made it so that there weren't ways to take away or limit the voting rights of African Americans who's voting rights should be protected by the 15th amendment. -
Reed v. Reed
In Reed v. Reed, a separated husband and wife argued on who would gain their late sons land. The state of Idaho says that "males must be preferred to females" and Sally Reed challenged that rule. The court ruled that the decision for the land can not lawfully be decided solely on sex. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment says that no law should be denied on the account of sex. It created legal gender equality for men and women. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
In regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Bakke had applied and been rejected twice by the University of California. He argued that he was rejected solely based on race. The court decided that the university was allowed to use race as a very small impact deciding factor but also reduce it so that Bakke was able to go to school there -
Bowers v. Hardwick
In Bowers v. Hardwick, Michael Hardwick was observed by a police officer after engaging in consensual homosexual sodomy. The court found that there were no constitutional protection for acts of sodomy. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act made it so simple things and places were made easily accessible for people with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act also just protects people with disabilities. -
Motor Voter Act
The Motor Voter Act says that when a citizen is issued a drivers license that they may register to vote. After the act was implemented, there were 11 million new voters that registered. -
Lawrence v. Texas
In Lawrence v. Texas, John Lawrence was intruded on by law enforcement while engaging in sexual acts with Tyron Garner. The court ruled that Texas making it a crime for two people of the same sex to engage in certain sexual intimacy was a violation of the Due Process Clause -
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Obergefell v. Hodges
In this case, the court says that all states have to respect same sex marriages.