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20
19th Amendment
The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. -
72
Title IX
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 is a federal law that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." -
African Americans, 3/5ths Compromise
Compromise decided at the constitutional convention that says slaves count as 3/5ths of a person. -
Seneca falls declaration of sentiments and resolutions is signed
Declaration of Sentiments, document, outlining the rights that American women should be entitled to as citizens, that emerged from the Seneca Falls Convention in New York in July 1848. ... It argues that women are oppressed by the government and the patriarchal society of which they are a part. -
African Americans, Scott v. Sandford
Dredd Scott sues his master over the issue of him residing in a free state thinking this makes him a free man, Scott lost the case in the Supreme Court. -
African Americans, 13th Amendment
Abolishes slavery -
African Americans, 14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. -
African Americans, 15th Amendment
Gave African American men the right to vote. -
African Americans, Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy argues that segregation for train cars is unconstitutional, Plessy loses the case -
African Americans, Founding of the NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is founded to improve African American rights. -
ERA introduced to congress
The Equal Rights Amendment was introduced in Congress for the first time in 1921 and has prompted conversations about the meaning of legal equality for women and men ever since. -
African Americans, Smith v. Allwright
In 1923, the Texas Democratic Party required all voters in its primary to be white based on a state law authorizing the party to establish its own internal rules. Lonnie E. Smith, a black dentist a voter in Harris County, Texas, sued county election official S. S. Allwright for the right to vote in the primary, Smith wins. -
African Americans, Truman Orders the Desegregation of Armed Forces
Truman signs an executive order that forces inclusion in the military -
Hernandez v Texas
Pete Hernandez was indicted for the murder of Joe Espinoza by an all white grand jury in Jackson County, Texas. Hernandez claimed Hispanic Americans could not get on a jury in Texas. -
African Americans, Brown v. Board of Education
Overturns separate but equal rulings for schools and general education. -
African Americans, Little Rock Nine
Nine African American students attend the historically white school of Little Rock Central high School, their attendance is challenged and many people protest against them and attempt to stop their entry. -
African Americans, 24th Amendment
Abolishes poll taxes which were used to discriminate against poorer African Americans -
African Americans, Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation in public places and banned discrimination in hiring. -
African Americans, Voting Rights Act of 1965
Law signed by president Johnson that lifted barriers preventing African Americans from voting. -
Cesar Chavez publicized the plight of migrant workers
Chavez and a group of strikers set out on a 340-mile march from Delano to Sacramento to draw attention to plight of farm workers, and during this strike the union won its first contract. -
Founding of the MALDEF
The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund is a national non-profit civil rights organization formed in 1968 to protect the rights of Latinos in the United States. -
African Americans, Jones v. Mayer
Jones, a black man, charged that a real estate company in Missouri's St. Louis County refused to sell him a home in a particular neighborhood on account of his race, Jones won the case. -
Stonewall Riots
A gay bar is raided by police, this sparks multiple days of protests and rioting. -
Reed v Reed
The Idaho Probate Code specified that "males must be preferred to females" in appointing administrators of estates. After the death of their adopted son, both Sally and Cecil Reed sought to be named the administrator of their son's estate (the Reeds were separated). According to the Probate Code, Cecil was appointed administrator and Sally challenged the law in court. Sally wins. -
ERA passed by congress
On March 22, 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment is passed by the U.S. Senate and sent to the states for ratification. First proposed by the National Woman's political party in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment was to provide for the legal equality of the sexes and prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. -
Congress opens all military service academies to women
Congress allows women to attend military academies, but not to serve in combat. -
Dothard v Rawlinson
Dianne Rawlinson applied to be a prison guard in an Alabama Prison. The Department had a minimum height and weight requirement of 120 pounds and 5 feet 2 inches. Rawlinson did not meet the minimum weight requirement, so the Department refused to hire her. Rawlinson sued on behalf of herself and all similarly-situated women under Title VII, alleging sex discrimination. Rawlinson won on the requirements for height and weight but lost on the ban on women in close proximity to inmates. -
Craig v Boren
Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190, was the first case in which a majority of the United States Supreme Court determined that statutory or administrative sex classifications were subject to intermediate scrutiny under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. -
Plyer v Doe
A revision to the Texas education laws in 1975 allowed the state to withhold from local school districts state funds for educating children of illegal aliens. This case was decided together with Texas v. Certain Named and Unnamed Alien Child. Decided illegal alien children get 14th amendment protections. -
Civil rights and women's equity in employment act
Women's Equity in Employment Act of 1991 - Amends the Revised Statutes of the United States to declare that all persons within U.S. jurisdiction shall have the same right to take certain actions, including making and enforcing contracts, as is enjoyed by male citizens. -
"Don't Ask Don't Tell"
Openly LGBT people were banned from service, closeted ones were allowed without discrimination. -
Defense of Marriage Act
Act that was later considered unconstitutional that defined marriage as between a man and a woman. -
Massachusetts legalizes same sex marriage
Massachusetts rules that same sex marriage is legal and allows it. -
United States v Windsor
DOMA was challenged since after a woman's spouse died she left her estate to her, but it was taxed heavily since their marriage was not recognized. DOMA is ruled unconstitutional after this. -
Obergfell v Hodges
Court case where it was argued that 14th amendment made same sex marriage legal. The case passed and same sex marriage was made legal. -
Masterpiece Cakeshop v Colorado
Cake shop owner refused to make a cake for a same sex couple since it would violate his religious beliefs. It was ruled the store owner was in the right.