-
13th amendment
Abolishes Slavery -
14th amendment
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. -
15th Amendment
The right to vote should not be denied on account of race or color.
(African American males right to vote) -
Tuskegee Institute created
Founded by Booker T. Washington,"established a normal school for colored teachers". Provided students with academic and vocational training. -
Plessy v. furguson
Establishes "separate but equal" -
NAACP created
Key founder W.E.B Du Bois. National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People. Civil Rights organization to help
fight for African American rights. -
19th Amendment
Right to vote should not be denied on the account of sex (Women
get the right to vote) -
Period: to
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed
Proposed by the National Women's political party, it was to provide
for the legal equality of the sexes and prohibit discrimination on the
basis of sex. Defeated in 1972. -
Executive Order 9981
President Truman abolished discrimination "on the basis of race,
color, religion or national origin" in the military (integrated units) -
Brown v. Board of Education
Integrated public schools. Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson. -
Period: to
Montgomery Bus boycott
Civil Rights protest in which African Americans refused to ride city
buses protesting segregated seating. Key person: Rosa Parks -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed
Advance civil rights in a non-violent manner. Key member: MLK -
Little Rock 9
Governor Orval Faubus prevented 9 African American students
from entering the high school. President Eisenhower uses the National Guard to protect students' entry into the school. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
President Eisenhower established the Civil Rights Section of the
Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain
court injunctions against interference with the right to vote -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins
Four African American students sat at a whites-only lunch counter
and refused to leave after being denied service. Protesting racial
segregation. -
Chicano Movement (Mural Movement)
Mexican-American civil rights movement.Artists began using the
walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed
Student political organization civil rights movement group. Used nonviolent tactics. -
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated
the southern U.S. Challenged and protested local laws that ignored
integration. -
Cesar Chavez
in 1962 co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later
called the United Farm Workers Union). Was a Latino American civil rights activists. -
Dr. King’s: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
He defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism -
March on Washington: “I have a dream”speech
He called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the
The U.S. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits the poll tax in elections -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
LBJ outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or
national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration
requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations. -
March from Selma, Alabama
MLK led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to Montgomery,
Alabama where local African Americans had been campaigning for
voting rights. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
LBJ outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many
southern states after the Civil War -
Black Panthers
A political organization founded to challenge police brutality against the African American community. -
Thurgood Marshall appointed to the Supreme Court
Lawyer for the NAACP that argued for Brown v. Board of Ed.
Appointed by LBJ. First African American to serve on the Supreme
Court. -
MLK assassinated
James Earl Ray assassinated Dr. King in Memphis, TN outside his
hotel room. -
American Indian Movement (AIM)
Initially formed to address Native American affirmation, treaty
issues, spirituality, and leadership while also addressing incidents of
police harassment and racism against Natives. Their paramount
objective is to create "real economic independence for the Indians”. -
Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to the Supreme Court
Appointed by Reagan. The first female to serve on the court. -
Sonia Sotomayor appointed to the Supreme Court
Appointed by Obama. First Hispanic and Latina to serve on the
court.