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Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott was slave that ran to another state after his owner died. Court ruled that he was not free or a citizen of the U.S. because a slave is property. (summary: Scott is slave, goes to a free state as slave, has change of ownership: does that make him free? NO) -
Period: to
Reconstruction & Reconstruction Amendments
Congress passed series of laws to enforce and promote civil and political rights to African Americans
13th Amendment- bans slavery/work that is forced upon a person by physical or legal coercion
14th Amendment- African Americans right to American Citizenship
15th Amendment- Black men were given right to vote -
Period: to
Jim Crow Era
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Plessy v. Ferguson
Man who boarded a whites-only train: was the reason for the violation of life, liberty, and happiness but reasonable for legal purpose.
Court ruled "separate but equal" accommodations for blacks were permitted under Constitution; railroad segregation is perfectly consistent with 14th amendment (EPC and due process clause) -
19th Amendment
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Period: to
Scottsboro Boys
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George Stinney case
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Brown v. Board
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
If states continued to segregate (5 protected classes excluding disability) and follow Jim Crow laws they would lose federal funding; ended government discrimination and De jure segregation as result of this act -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Certain voting districts couldn't make new laws or change current ones without preclearance from Congress. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
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California v. Bakke
University set aside 16 out of every 100 seats for non-whites, white student sued under Equal Protection Clause. Affirmative action programs don't automatically violate EPC, but rigid quota systems do; white student won -
Gratz v. Bollinger
University of Michigan uses 100 point-system where if you get 100 points your likely to get in and 20 points were given to non-whites automatically. White students sued under EPC and won (like California v. Bakke) -
Meredith v. Jefferson Co Board
Louisville school integration -
Shelby County v. Holder
elimination of preclearance enforcement
