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13th Amendment
In 1865, the 13th amendment was made. Which stooped slavery from occurring. -
14th Amendment
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." -
15th Amendment
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CAACAT_enUS795US795&ei=nUnsWvWnC6WMgge2qKmgBA&q=15th+amendment&oq=15th+amendment&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i67k1j0i131k1l2j0i67k1j0l2j0i67k1l2j0l2.29638.34403.0.34520.22.12.2.1.1.0.128.1010.9j3.12.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..15.6.332...0i22i30k1.0.CM_pRKmqFb4&safe=active&ssui=on -
Plessy vs Ferguson
"It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal"." -
Truman desegregates the military
President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CAACAT_enUS795US795&ei=iErsWpiKOcu0_AbkpYqoBQ&q=Truman+desegregates+the+military&oq=Truman+desegregates+the+military&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i10k1j0i22i10i30k1j0i22i30k1l3.70773.72794.0.73260.23.13.0.0.0.0.123.954.11j1.13.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..20.2.154.0..0.58.hMh5J700HyY&safe=active&ssui=on -
Brown vs Board of Education
"Although the Declaration of Independence stated that "All men are created equal," due to the institution of slavery, this statement was not to be grounded in law in the United States until after the Civil War" -
Rosa Parks/ Montgomery Bus Boycott
"Montgomery Bus Boycott. Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional." -
Little Rock Crisis
"what happened in Little Rock, Arkansas in the fall of 1957. Governor Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling at Central High School. Central High was an all white school." -
Sit-in Movement
¨The Sit-In Movement. Students from across the country came together to form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and organize sit-ins at counters throughout the South. This front page is from the North Carolina A&T University student newspaper.¨ -
Freedom Riders
¨Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme.¨ -
James Meredith and Ole Miss
¨James Meredith, an African American man, attempted to enroll at the all-white University of Mississippi in 1962. Chaos soon broke out on the Ole Miss campus, with riots ending in two dead, hundreds wounded and many others arrested, after the Kennedy administration called out some 31,000 National Guardsmen and other federal forces to enforce order.¨ https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/ole-miss-integration -
Letter from Birmingham Jail
¨“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. ...
“We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.” ...
“I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers. ...
“In a real sense all life is inter-related.¨ -
March on Washington/ ¨I Have a Dream¨ Speech
¨The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s now-iconic “I Have A Dream” speech.¨ -
Freedom Summer
¨Freedom Summer was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi, part of a larger effort by civil rights groups such as the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to expand black voting in the South.¨ -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
¨The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.¨ -
Selma March
¨On March 17, 1965, even as the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers fought for the right to carry out their protest, President Lyndon Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress, calling for federal voting rights legislation to protect African Americans from barriers that prevented them from voting.¨ -
Voting Rights Act
¨The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.¨