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3/5 compromise
outlined the process for states to count slaves as part of the population in order to determine representation and taxation for the federal government -
Seneca falls declaration of sentiments and resolutions is signed
document, outlining the rights that American women should be entitled to as citizens, that emerged from the Seneca Falls Convention in New York in July 1848. ... It argues that women are oppressed by the government and the patriarchal society of which they are a part. -
Scott v. Sanford
ruled people of African decent were not citizens and therefore cannot sue -
13th amendment
abolished slavery in the United States -
14th amendment
extends rights to people of color -
15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Plessy v Ferguson
upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality -
Founding of the NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States -
19th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. -
era introduced into congress
First proposed by the National Woman's political party in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment was to provide for the legal equality of the sexes and prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. More than four decades later, the revival of feminism in the late 1960s spurred its introduction into Congress. -
smith v allwright
was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court with regard to voting rights and, by extension, racial desegregation. It overturned the Texas state law that authorized the Democratic Party to set its internal rules, including the use of white primaries -
Truman orders the desegregation of armed forces
abolished discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin" in the United States Armed Forces. -
Brown v Board
Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality -
Hernandez v texas
an agricultural worker, was indicted for the murder of Joe Espinoza by an all-Anglo (white) grand jury in Jackson County, Texas -
Little Rock Nine
a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas -
24th ammendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax -
Civil Rights act of 1964
ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin -
Voting rights act of 1965
aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. -
Cesar chaves publicizes the plight of migrant workers
Chavez and a group of strikers set out on a 340-mile march from Delano to Sacramento to draw attention to plight of farm workers, and during this strike the union won its first contract -
multi member electoral districts in texas outlawed
Multi-member districts (MMDs) are electoral districts that send two or more members to a legislative chamber. -
national organization of women organized
The National Organization for Women is an American feminist organization founded in 1966. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and in Washington, D.C. -
founding of the Mexican american defense and education fund
The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund is a national non-profit civil rights organization formed in 1968 to protect the rights of Latinos in the United States. -
Jones v Mayer
held that Congress could regulate the sale of private property to prevent racial discrimination -
stonewall riots
The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City -
reed v reed
an Equal Protection case in the United States in which the Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes -
era passed by congress
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title IX
Title IX is a federal civil rights law in the United States of America that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. This is Public Law No. 92‑318, 86 Stat. 235, codified at 20 U.S.C. §§ 1681–1688. -
congress opens all military service academies to women
In 1975, then President Ford, signed Public Law 94-106 requiring the services to open the hallowed halls of West Point, Annapolis, and the Air Force Academy to women. -
craig v boren
Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190, was the first case in which a majority of the United States Supreme Court determined that statutory or administrative sex classifications were subject to intermediate scrutiny under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause -
dothard v rawlinson
Dothard v. Rawlinson, 433 U.S. 321, was the first United States Supreme Court case which the bona fide occupational qualifications defense was used -
plyer v doe
was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down both a state statute denying funding for education to undocumented immigrant children -
civil rights and womens equity in employment act
Women's Equity in Employment Act of 1991 - Amends the Revised Statutes of the United States to declare that all persons within U.S. jurisdiction shall have the same right to take certain actions, including making and enforcing contracts, as is enjoyed by male citizens. -
dont ask dont tell
"Don't ask, don't tell" was the official United States policy on military service by gays, bisexuals, and lesbians, instituted by the Clinton Administration on February 28, 1994, when Department of Defense Directive 1304.26 issued on December 21, 1993, took effect, lasting until September 20, 2011 -
defense marriage act
The Defense of Marriage Act was a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional, defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. -
Massachusetts legalizes same sex marriage
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in the U.S state of Massachusetts since May 17, 2004, as a result of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health that it was unconstitutional under the Massachusetts Constitution -
united states v windsor
United States v. Windsor, 570 U.S. 744, is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of "marriage" and "spouse" to apply -
obergfell v hodges
is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution -
masterpiece cake shop v colorado
was a case in the Supreme Court of the United States that dealt with whether owners of public accommodations can refuse certain services based on the First Amendment claims of free speech and free exercise of religion, and therefore be granted an exemption from laws ensuring non-discrimination in public accommodation — in particular, by refusing to provide creative services, such as making a wedding cake for the marriage of a gay couple, on the basis of the owner's religious beliefs.