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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dread Scott was a slave who sued his owner arguing that he has obtained freedom living in a free state.The Supreme Court stated that enslaved individuals were not citizens of the United States because congress has no power to ban slavery. Also since they aren't US citizens they have no right to sue in federal court. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment is the abolishment of slavery under the government of US. This amendment was ratified a few months after the US civil war. Some southern states were against the idea of African Americans being freed, they created a law to restrict their freedom. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was passed stating that individuals born in the US cannot be denied any of their rights and privileges contained in the constitution. The federal government punished states that violated their citizens right to vote. This amendment was necessary because since the Dred Scott case that he was denied citizenship, the 14th amendment allowed African Americans to be allowed to be citizens of the United State. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment was passed because enslaved individuals in the US can not be denied their right to vote due to their race. Even though African Americans have the right to vote, local and state governments found ways to weaken this amendment.The actions to prevent African Americans, "Jim Crow" laws such as poll taxes and literacy tests. -
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Jim Crow Era
The Jim Crow laws were enforced laws that were racial segregation in the south. There was poll taxes and literacy test for African Americans in place so they wouldn't be able to vote in elections. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case which establishes "separate but equal "then processes to lead to Jim Crow laws. Plessy, a black man, refused to move this seat on a train out of the whites-only section. He was trying to challenge one of Louisiana's racial segregation laws. This case was brought to the US Supreme Court and their design was separating children in public schools based on race was unconstitutional -
Nineteeth Amendment
19th Amendment makes it illegal to deny any citizen sex. Guaranteed women the right to vote throughout the US. This amendment was taken to congress in 1878 but was not ratified until 41 years later. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cody Stanton created the National Woman Suffrage Association. Their goal was to achieve voting rights for women. -
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Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court case overturned Plessy v Ferguson and ordered schools to be integrated because racial serration in public schools was unconstitutional. The 14th amendment is the basis of this case because it requires equal protection under the law. The case of brown vs Board of education was five different cases that were heard by the US Supreme Court discussing the issue of segregation in schools. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A law was signed that ordered the desegregation of all public facilities. Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and national origin. Including workspace, public areas, schools, and in voting as well. -
Affirmative Actions
Affirmative actions were designed to eliminate discrimination again each other and prevent discrimination in the future. Affirmative Actions are enforced to establish fair access opportunities and eliminate discrimination among others. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act was enforced to prevent African Americans from their right of voting as guaranteed by the 15th amendment. The US prohibited racial discrimination in voting. It ended poll taxes and literacy tests designed to not allow African Americans to vote. -
Reed v. Reed
The case of reed v reed prevented the discrimination between sexes. Allowing fair treatment to be presented to both men and women in the US. The equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment enforced a law that cannot discriminate against women. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The equal rights amendment ends the discrimination between men and women and allows both to become equal throughout the US. in matters of divorce, property, employment, and other matter. -
Regents of University of California v. Bakke
The Supreme Court ruled that a university that used racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional and violated equal protection of the 14th amendment. Schools using "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional. -
Bowers v Hardwick
In the supreme court, the fourteenth amendment does not prevent any state from criminalizing private sexual conduct involving same-sex couples. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act prohibits discrimination toward individuals with disabilities and protects them in workspaces as well as schools and other settings. Federal agencies with ADA responsibilities for employment, state, and local government, public transportation, and public accommodation. This act guarantees the same opportunities as everyone else in the US. -
Motor Voter Act
This act requires states to allow citizens to register to vote when they sign up for driver's licenses and social security benefits. -
Lawrence v. Texas
This case Lawrence v Texas is about discrimination against homosexuality. The court stated Texas statute makes it a crime for two-person of the same sex to engage in sexual relations intimately violating the due process clause. The supreme court was in favor of Lawrence 6-1. -
Obergefell v Hodges
The right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the due process clause and the equal protection clause.