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• Dred Scott v. Sandford
• Dred Scott v. Sandford- Dred Scott sued in St. Louis Circuit Court for his freedom. The courts decided that African Americans were not citizens of America, so they had no rights or privileges that the constitution gave to all American citizens. -
• 13th Amendment
The 13th amendment made slavery illegal in all states and African American were no longer property and were no longer enslaved. -
• 14th Amendment
The 14th amendment states that anyone born in the United states have the rights and freedom, this was very important to slaves. -
• 15th Amendment
The 15th amendment ensured that everyone has voting rights and can't be denied because of you sex, and race. -
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• Jim Crow Era
- U.S. state legislature passed laws that favored segregation making white separate from people of color, it was extended everywhere places like cemeteries. Parks. Public transportation and even restaurants.
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• Plessy v. Ferguson
This case ruled separate but equal, after an incident where a white pardon refused to sit in the car with a black person. This was a bit controversial because because although it was separate but equal white had better schooling, busing, restrooms, education, ect. -
• Nineteenth Amendment
The 19th amendment states that no person can be denied voting based upon their sex race etc -
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• Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to separate children by race in public school. African Americans had been denied stepping foot in any white school. It argued that segregation violates the equal right clause. This struck down the separate but equal clause. -
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
The civil rights act ensured there was no discrimination in public places and banned employment discrimination based upon their sex, color, race. -
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
The federal legislation prohibits states from denying the right to vote. This allowed people of any race, sex or color to vote. -
• Affirmative Action
This eliminated discrimination in all places. It meant that anyone who was facing discrimination could have the same schooling, restrooms, restaurants, and employment rights. -
• Reed v. Reed
The first time that the court decided to apply the 14th Amendment that discriminates women from me. This was important because it prohibited discrimination based upon sex. -
• Equal Rights Amendment
Equal rights amendment no longer allowed states to deny right regardless of race, sex, and color. -
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
The supreme course ruled ed the university of California u lawful after their racial quotas. Bakke argued that it was going against the 14th amendment equal rights. -
• Bowers v. Hardwick
The court rules unconstitutional that gay people to not have the right to engaging in homosexuality in private. Hardwick was watched by a police officer and taken to jail after violating the Georgia law. -
• Americans with Disabilities Act
The disability act prohibits discrimination against folks with disabilities, including transportation, accommodation in public, as well as employment. -
• Motor Voter Act
This made is easier for people to vote. At first there were things like grandfather clauses and test that were completely impossible to pass, that’s made it hard for blacks to vote and easier for white to vote. -
• Lawrence v. Texas
In this case a Houston police officer saw Lawrence in his him engaging in a sexual act with another man. Lawrence was jailed and charged with having had a sexual encounter with another man. This was unconstitutional according to the state courts. -
• Obergefell v. Hodges
Same sex couples sued states. They challenged those states on their laws of banning same sex marriage. This was in their favor because according to the 14th amendment we’re all equal no matter what or how you look.