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Dred Scott v Sanford
The supreme court ruled that if you have African decent you are not a citizen. Therefore you could not vote or sue in the Federal Courts of the United States. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment abolished slavery and stated there shall be no more slavery and involuntary servitude. -
14th Amendment
All person born in the United States are U.S. citizens. -
15th Amendment
The rights of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal" -
19th Amendment
prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. -
Poll Taxes
a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources. -
White Primaries
were primary elections held in the Southern United States in which only white voters were permitted to participate. -
Brown V. Board of Education
was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. -
Affirmative Action
in the United States is a set of laws, policies, guidelines, and administrative practices "intended to end and correct the effects of a specific form of discrimination" -
24th Amendment
Prohibits poll taxes in elections for federal officers -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. -
Reed V. Reed
was an Equal Protection case in the United States in which the Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. -
Equal Rights Amendment
is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex -
Bakke V. University of California
was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy -
Bowers V. Hardwick
the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults, in the homosexual sodomy -
Americans With Disabilities
is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability -
Lawrence V. Texas
was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American laws prohibiting private homosexual activity between consenting adults are unconstitutional -
Obergefell V. Hodges
is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution