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13th Amendment (African Americans)
The 13th Amendment abolished all slavery, except as a punishment for crime, in the United States. This was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War. -
14th Amendment (African Americans)
The 14th Amendment was the second out of the three Reconstruction Amendments and focused on rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. It has become one of the most used amendments in court. For example, it was used in Brown v. Board of Education. -
15th Amendment (African Americans)
The 15th Amendment was the third and last Reconstruction Amendment. This amendment allowed all male citizens to vote and that it shouldn't be denied based on color, race, etc. -
Tuskegee Institute Created (African Americans)
The Tuskegee Institute was created in 1881 and it is a private university in Tuskegee, Alabama. It was created to train teachers in Alabama. Booker T. Washington wanted to promote the economic progress of African Americans. -
Plessy v. Ferguson (African Americans)
Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme Court case that focused on the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities. They later ruled this problem as “separate but equal”. -
NAACP Created (mainly African Americans and other minorities)
The NAACP promoted the rights of minorities in several aspects. It mainly sought to advance justice for African Americans, but ensured equality to all minorities. The NAACP is the largest and oldest Civil Rights organization in the United States. -
19th Amendment (Women)
This amendment gave all American women the right to vote. Even though the 15th Amendment denied any US citizen the right to vote, it only applied to male citizens, so the 19th amendment was very important to the constitution because it now gave women the right to vote. -
Equal Rights Amendment Proposed (Women)
This amendment guaranteed equal rights regardless of their sex.
It sought to end legal distinctions between men and women in divorce, property, etc. -
Executive Order 9981 (African Americans)
This abolished racial discrimination in the armed forces. This was issued by President Harry Truman. This led to an end in segregation in the services. -
Brown v. Board of Education (African Americans)
This ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The unanimous decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (African Americans)
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person on the bus. She was supposed to be sitting in the back, but decided to sit where the white people normally sit. She got arrested that day. This event showed how segregation worked and how African Americans were treated. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference Formed (African Americans)
The SCLC is an African American Civil Rights organization. It focused on ending all forms of segregation. Its first president was Martin Luther King Jr. -
Little Rock 9 (African Americans)
9 black kids enrolled at this formerly all-white school in Little Rock, Arkansas. This was a huge moment because this was the first time they introduced integration in public schools. Eisenhower made this possible. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (African Americans)
This act ended racial segregation in public schools. It was passed by the 85th United States Congress and was signed into law by Eisenhower. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Formed (African Americans)
This was formed to give younger blacks a voice in the civil rights movement. They played a major role in the freedom rides and the March on Washington. They wanted to bring changes to unjust policies against African Americans. -
Chicano Mural Movement (Chicanos)
Artists depicted Mexican-American culture by using the walls of city buildings, churches, schools, etc. This promoted civil rights and injustices suffered by Mexican Americans. -
Freedom Riders (African Americans)
This was series of political protests against segregation by blacks and whites who rode buses through the American South. The main goal of freedom riders was to bring to attention that the Supreme Court rulings were being disregarded. -
24th Amendment (African Americans and other minorities)
A person’s voting rights cannot be denied based off the fact he owes any taxes. This let even the poor people be able to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (African Americans and other minorities)
This outlawed all discrimination based on color, sex, religion, etc. It also prohibits unequal voter registration requirements and racial segregation in public accommodations. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 (African Americans and other minorities)
This prohibited racial discrimination in voting. President Lyndon B. Johnson was the person who signed this into law. This act secured the rights to vote for minorities.
