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Lincoln became president, issuing the emancipation proclammation
All the slaves of the south were freed. -
The 13th Amendment
Either slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States. -
Civil Rights Act
"All persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude." -
The 14th Amendment
All people born or naturalized in the US are citizens of the US and of the state they reside in. -
The 15th Amendment
African American men were given the right to vote. -
Period: to
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws that prohibited white and African Americans to mix. Everything was specific whether it was white people land or African American land to step onto. In the 1960's, because Rosa Parks had stood up for her right to sit wherever on a bus, people were given the confidence to boycott. -
Plessy v Ferguson
Moving a little bit more in a positive direction. At this point, state laws required that African Americans be segregated still but they are to be treated and offered the same accommodations. -
The 19th Amendment
Women were granted the right to vote as citizens. -
Indian Citizenship Act
This granted Native Americans the right to citizenship if they were born in the United States which gave them rights to vote. -
Repealing of the Chinese Exclusion Act: Magnuson Act
China becomes ally to the Unites States in WW2 and Chinese immigrants no longer were restricted access to the US. -
Jackie Robinson: First black baseball player
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Shelley v Kraemer
"Restrictive covenants in real property deeds which prohibited the sale of property to non-caucasians violate the equal protection provision of the Fourteenth Amendment." -
Executive Order by President Truman outlaws segregation in the US military
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Brown v Board of Education
Illegal to have school racial segregation -
Hernandez v. Texas
First Mexican American discrimination case that was protected by the 14th amendment. -
Series of discriminatory events and their effects
Emmet Till was flirting with a white woman. Her husband and brother in law "made Emmett carry a 75-pound cotton gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. They then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head and then threw his body, tied to the cotton gin fan with barbed wire, into the river." Rosa Parks was jailed for refusing to sit in the back of the bus. As a result, many boycotted saying that this was unconstitutional. -
Period: to
Series of anti-black acts occur regardless of laws
- Arkansas Gov has the national guard block some black students form being able to attend Little Rock High School.
- University of Mississippi forbids first black students from attending
- Civil Rights Leader Medgar Evers is assassinated by a KKK member, Byron De La Beckwith.
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Bus boycott ends, Browder v. Gayle takes effect
Segregated bus laws were considered unconstitutional. -
Kennedy back up Meredith
James Meredith, soon to be the first black student at U of M, has riots against him attending. Kennedy sends troops to stop the riots against him. -
Martin Luther King Jr performs his famous I Have A Dream speech
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MLK receives the Nobel Peace Prize
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
Racial discrimination is illegal -
Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American justice of the Supreme Court
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Civil Rights Act of 1968
Prohibiting the discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing. -
Rep. Chisholm is the first African American woman to be elected to congress