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supreme court decision
In the landmark 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court upheld the constitutionality of state-imposed racial segregation, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine, which allowed for segregated facilities as long as they were of equal quality. -
Tuskegee airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of primarily African American military pilots (fighter and bomber) and airmen who fought in World War II. -
integration of major league baseball
Major League Baseball (MLB) integration refers to the period when African American players were allowed to play in the major leagues, a process that began with Jackie Robinson's debut for the Brooklyn Dodgers. -
integration of the armed forces
The integration of the U.S. Armed Forces, a landmark event in American history, began with President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9981 on July 26, 1948, which ended segregation in the military. -
supreme court decision of sweatt v. painter
In Sweatt v. Painter (1950), the Supreme Court ruled that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment required Heman Sweatt's admission to the University of Texas Law School, deeming the separate law school for Black students as inherently unequal. -
supreme court decision of brown v. board education
In the landmark 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, the Court unanimously ruled that state-sponsored segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson. -
integration of the university of alabama
The University of Alabama's integration on June 11, 1963, was a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement, marked by Governor George Wallace's attempt to block two Black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from entering Foster Auditorium, ultimately leading to federal intervention and their successful enrollment. -
death of emmitt till
kidnapped, beaten, shot in the head, had a large metal fan tied to his neck with barbed wire, and was thrown into the Tallahatchie River. -
Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott, a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement, was a year-long protest (December 5, 1955 – December 20, 1956) where African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, refused to ride city buses to protest segregated seating, sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger. -
integration of little rock high school
Nine African-American students enrolled at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The ensuing struggle between segregationists and integrationists. -
civil rights act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was a law that established a Civil Rights Division in the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission. It was signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on September 9, 1957. -
Greensboro four lunch counter sit-in
act of nonviolent protest against a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina -
Freedom rides by freedom riders of 1961
In 1961, Freedom Riders, a group of black and white civil rights activists, embarked on bus trips through the segregated South to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court decisions against segregation in interstate transportation facilities, drawing national attention and leading to federal intervention. -
24th amendment
abolished and forbids the federal and state governments from imposing taxes on voters during federal elections -
integration of the university of missippi
The integration of the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) in 1962 involved a federal court order for James Meredith, an African-American man, to enroll, leading to a violent riot and ultimately, Meredith becoming the first Black student to attend the university under federal protection. -
March on Washington and I have a dream speech by mlk
On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a massive civil rights demonstration held at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., advocating for equal rights and an end to racism. -
Assassination of John f Kennedy in Dallas texas
JFK was in Dallas on November 22, 1963, for a two-day, five-city tour of Texas, part of a larger effort to heal political divisions within the Democratic Party and to gain support for his 1964 reelection campaign. -
civil rights act of 1964 signed by president johnson
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on July 2, 1964, in a White House ceremony, a landmark piece of legislation that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
assassination of Malcom x
Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21, 1965, by three members of the Nation of Islam, including Talmadge Hayer (also known as Mujahid Abdul Halim), who confessed to the murder, allegedly as retribution for Malcolm X's public criticism of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam. -
Selma to Montgomery March bloody sunday
On "Bloody Sunday," March 7, 1965, during the Selma to Montgomery March, civil rights activists were brutally attacked by state troopers and law enforcement while peacefully marching across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, sparking national outrage and galvanizing the Civil Rights Movement. -
voting rights acts 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. -
Assassination of MLK in Memphis tennessee
At 6:05 P.M. on Thursday, 4 April 1968, Martin Luther King was shot dead while standing on a balcony outside his second-floor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. News of King's assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property ... -
voting rights act of 1968
The Voting Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, prohibited discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and sex, expanding on the Civil Rights Act of 1964.