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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Scott was a free black man from free territory in Illinois. When he returned to Mississippi, he filed against the state claiming that he was still a free man even in slavery territory because of his origin. The Court did not render Scott emancipated. -
13th Amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary imprisonment shall exist in the United States or anywhere within its jurisdiction, except as punishment for crimes for which a party is duly convicted. -
14th Amendment
No state may enact or enforce laws that limit the privileges or immunities of US citizens. No country shall deprive a person of life, liberty or property without due process of law. Nor does it deny any person in its jurisdiction similar protections by law. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government and states from denying or restricting a citizen's right to vote "on the basis of race, color, or past prejudice." Ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and final Reconstruction Amendment. -
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Jim Crow Era
Jim Crow laws are state and local laws introduced in the American South in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforce racial segregation, and "Jim Crow" despises African Americans. was the term. These laws were in effect until his 1960s. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy was a mixed man who was considered black by Louisiana law and he decided to test the Separate Cars Act. The train company agreed with Plessy because it cost the extra money in order to have more cars. When he was told to move and he refused, he was arrested. Plessy lost the case. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment, passed by Congress on June 4, 1919 and ratified on August 18, 1920, gave women the right to vote. The 19th Amendment guarantees American women the right to vote. It took a long and difficult struggle to reach this milestone. Victory required decades of unrest and protest. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Different states around the US wanted to desegregate public schools. African Americans said that segregation was violating their Equal Protection Clause as it is stated in the 14th amendment. The case went to the courts and this ultimately desegregated schools, first being in Alabama. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
In 1964, Congress passed Public Law 88-352 (78 Stat. 241). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Provisions of this Civil Rights Act prohibit discrimination based on sex and race in hiring, promotion, and dismissal. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, enacted by President Lyndon B. Johnson, created state and local laws that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote, as guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It was intended to overcome legal barriers. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action, also known as affirmative action, is the use of government policies aimed at including certain groups on the basis of their gender, race, sexuality, creed, or nationality in areas such as education where such groups are underrepresented. or encompasses a set of policies and practices within an organization. and employment. -
Reed v. Reed
Idaho made a law that said that men must be superior to women in appointing administrators of estates. People gathered to say that it violated their 14th amendment. In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court said that it was unconstitutional -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment is an amendment to the United States Constitution intended to guarantee equal legal rights to all American citizens, regardless of gender. Proponents say it will end legal discrimination between men and women in divorce, property, employment and other matters. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Bakke was a male who was rejected from medical school at the University of California several times based on his race. He said that they were violating his 14th amendment in equal protection. Supreme Court voted yes and no with the no being that a vote was casted. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Hardwick was part of the LGBTQ+ community and he was was caught by a police officer that said that wasn't right. Hardwick thought it was unconstitutional and the Supreme Court agreed with him and that they shouldn't make laws targeting certain groups such as LQBTQ+ -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public housing, communications, and access to state and local government programs and services. -
Motor Voter Act
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (also known as the NVRA or Motor Vehicle Voter Act) establishes certain voter registration requirements related to elections for federal office. Section 5 of the NVRA requires states to provide voter registration facilities to state motor vehicle agencies. -
Lawrence v. Texas
Lawrence was arrested for engaging in sexual activities with another man and he claimed that it violated his Due Process and his 14th amendment. A 6-3 decision by the Supreme Court agreed with Lawrence. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
Same-sex couples throughout the United Sates that it was a right that they had to be able to marry. The couples explained that it was against the Equal Protection & Due Process clauses. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the couples.
