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13th Amendment
This amendment is the one that abolished slavery in the United States. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
14th Amendment
This amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws to former slaves following the American Civil War. -
15th Amendment
This amendement prohibits the federal and state goveernemtns from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizens race, color , or previolus condition of servitude. -
• Plessy v. Ferguson
o United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1 with the majority opinion written by Justice Henry Billings Brown and the dissent written by Justice John Marshall Harlan. Louisiana Justice Edward Douglass White was one of the majority: he was a member of the New Orleans Pickwick Club and the Crescent City White League, -
19th Amendment
This amenedment granted the right for American women to vote. This was a right known as woman suffrage. This victory though took many decades of protesting, lechturing, and marching. -
Korematsu v. United States
o Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. It wasa 6-3 decision and the court sided with the government. -
Brown v. Board of Education
A Supreme Court case that declares state laws establishing separate public schools as unconstitutional. It overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896. It was declared unconstitutional by the fourteenth amendment. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was a bus boycott that was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks. This boycott lasted for 13 months and ened with the U.S Supreme Court ruling that segreation on public buses is unconstitutional. -
Affirmative action
o It is a way to combat racial discrimination within the workplace to give equality across all ethnicities. Affirmative action was first created from Executive Order 10925, which was signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961 and required that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin" and "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during e -
24th Amendment
This amendment prohibited any poll tax in election for federal officials. The Southern states implamented this idea after the end of the Civil War. This idea at one point limited the number of Aferican Americans that were able to vote without violating the 15th amendment. -
Poll Taxes
A prerequisite to the registration for voting in a number of states. The poll tax requirements applied to whites as well as blacks, and also adversely affected poor citizens. -
Jim Crow
It was racial segregation state and local laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States that continued in force until 1965 -
Civil Rigths Act
The provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing. -
Literacy Test
It was a rigged “test” that was basically used to prevent African Americans and some Latinos from being able to vote. Results were rigged by biased registrars who judged whether — in their opinion — you were sufficiently "literate" to "pass." -
Voting Rights Act
This stopped the usage of the literacy test. It was used to reinforce the 15th amendment and to go away with more discriminative actions. -
Robert Kennedy's Speech in Indianapolis upon the death of MLK
- The day of Martin Luther King Jr. death Robert Kennedy was scheduled to get a rousing campaign speech in Indy. After hearing about the death though his speech changed to one more about impassioned remakes for peace that is to be considered one of the great public addresses of the modern era
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reed v reed
o Sally and Cecil Reed, a married couple who had separated, were in conflict over which of them to designate as administrator of the estate of their deceased son. Each filed a petition with the Probate Court of Ada County, Idaho, asking to be named. Idaho Code specified that "males must be preferred to females" in appointing administrators of estates and the court appointed Cecil as administrator of the estate, valued at less than $1000. Sally Reed was represented at the Supreme Court by Idaho l -
Equal Rights Amendment
This was a prosposed amendment to the U.S. constitution to guarantee equal rights for women. It was originally written by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman. -
regents of the University of California v. Bakke
o This court case upheld affirmative action, which allowed race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. However, the court ruled that specific quotas, such as the 16 out of 100 seats set aside for minority students by the University of California, were impermissible. Although the Supreme Court had outlawed segregation in schools, and had even ordered school districts to take steps to assure integration, the question of the legality of voluntary affirmative action programs initi -
bowers v. Hardwick
o It criminalized oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults when applied to Homosexuals. The ruling was overturned in 2003. They said that the constitution did not confer “a fundamental right to engage in homosexual sodomy”. It was also said that it was an infamous crime against nature. -
Americans with Disablitites Act
o The ADA states that a "covered entity" shall not discriminate against "a qualified individual with a disability". This applies to job application procedures, hiring, advancement and discharge of employees, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. "Covered entities" include employers with 15 or more employees, as well as employment agencies, labor organizations, and joint labor-management committees. -
Lawerence v. Texas
o It overturned the Bowers v. Hardwick decision against homosexuality. It made same sex legal. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several states imposed various eugenics laws against anyone deemed to be a "sexual pervert". As late as 1970, Connecticut denied a driver's license to a man for being an "admitted homosexual". -
Fisher v. Texas
o The suit, brought by undergraduate Abigail Fisher in 2008, asked that the Court declare the University's race-conscious admissions inconsistent with Grutter, which had in 2003 established that race had an appropriate but limited role in the admissions policies of public universities. While reasserting that any consideration of race must be "narrowly tailored", with Fisher the Court did not go on to overrule Grutter, a relief for civil rights groups who feared that the Court would end affirmati -
Indiana's Gay rights court battle
o Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Indiana face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex marriage has been legal in Indiana since October 6, 2014, when the U.S. Supreme Court refused to consider an appeal in the case of Baskin v. Bogan. There is no recognition of domestic partnership at the state level in Indiana. Bloomington, Carmel, and the county of Marion have given partner benefits to same sex couples.
