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Dred Scott v. Sandford
A landmark decision in supreme court and American history. Dred Scott sued for his freedom because he had been moved to a state where slavery was not allowed. The supreme court ruled that he's property and stays property. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment essentially outlawed slavery in the south. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment limited the actions of state and local officials to prevent freed slaves from being discriminated against. Provides due process for all citizens and equal protection. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment gave black people the right to vote by declaring that no vote shall be abridged based on race, color, or servitude. -
White Primaries
Primary elections in southern states were restricted to only allow voting from white individuals, minorities were not permitted. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This case was regarding an act that separated people based on race on rail cars. Plessy argued that this violated his equal rights however the supreme court determined although they are separate the accommodations are equal. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment allowed females to vote by preventing the government from denying voting privileges based on sex. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment was an Amendment that never passed, it attempts to gain equal rights for all Americans between men and women through divorce, employment, and property. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action is a set of laws that intend to prevent discrimination in government programs, and private education programs. Many Colleges specifically target minorities to recruit to meet these laws. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This was a landmark Supreme Court case that determined establishing separate public schools was unconstitutional. -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment prevents states from establishing a poll tax which was used to prevent and discourage black people from voting. -
Poll Taxes
Poll taxes were a major piece of funding for state governments however they were used to unfairly discriminate against minorities from voting -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits the discrimination in schools, employment, public accommodations, and voting based on race, sex, color, religion, or nationality. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibits racial discrimination regarding voting. -
Reed v. Reed
A divorced couple was trying to determine who had access to the estate of their dead son. The Idaho State law said that men should be preferred, however the court found that this law was in violation of the 14th Amendment. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
The court upheld affirmative action and race can be used in determination of college applicants however racial quotas were impermissible. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Hardwick was arrested for violating anti sodomy laws. The court upheld the decision that it was constitutional because it applied to also to heterosexuals. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA prohibits discrimination against the disabled requiring employers and public places to provide reasonable accommodations and meet accessibility requirements. -
Lawrence v. Texas
The court struck down an anti sodomy law in Texas, by over turning Bowers v. Hardwick arguing for a right to privacy.
