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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave located originally in Missouri. From the years 1833-1843, Scott resided in Louisiana and Illinois where slavery was deemed illegal. Scott filed a lawsuit stating he was a free man even after returning to Missouri. The courts ruled against Scott upholding slavery by the 5th amendment, denying the legality of black citizenship. -
13th Amendment
Abolished Slavery -
14th Amendment
The amendment granted citizenship to all no matter race. -
15th Amendment
The amendment granted every man the right to vote. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson is a Supreme Court Case that set the "equal but separate accommodations for whites and coloreds" principle. This decision was affirmed by three constitutional amendments and numerous laws passed by congress. -
19th Amendment
Granted Women the right to vote. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment secured "full" quality for women and ended legal distinctions concerning property, divorce, employment, and other matters. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education is a widely known Supreme Court case ending racial segregation in the school system nationally. The set precedent ended the "separate but equal" principle set in the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896. -
24th Amendment
The amendment abolished and forbid federal and state taxes on voting polls. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, ethnicity, color, gender, or religion. Those provisions extended to the cases of hiring, firing, and promoting. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 forbids discriminatory voting practices, aimed against people of color, adopted by southern states after the Civil War, pinpointing literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action is the practice of favoring individuals who are usually subject to discrimination. The main purpose of affirmative action is to diversify parts of society. -
Title IX
Title IX is part of the Education Amendments in 1972 which established protections for citizens from discrimination based on sex in education systems or any organization receiving federal funding. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke is a Supreme Court case that deemed the use of race as a guaranteed and exclusive admission to university as unconstitutional and violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Bowers v. Hardwick is a Supreme Court case that ruled the Constitution does not protect the rights of gay adults to be engaged in private. -
Voter ID Law
A Voter ID Law is a law asking one to provide proof of identification before casting a ballot. However, the passing of Voter ID Laws has caused a small amount of controversy in the political world. Only 34 of 50 states have Voter ID Laws implemented for Election Day. -
Shelby County v. Holder
The Shelby County v. Holder Supreme Court case was a significant turning point for voting rights in the United States. The Supreme Court deemed Section 49b0 of the Voting Rights Act as unconstitutional -
Obergefell v Hodges
The Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court Case established the principle all same-sex marriages need to be licensed and recognized that are lawfully performed in each state under the 14th Amendment.