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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Scott was a slave for Sandford, who moved around a little. He had lived in Illinois and the Louisiana territory which did not allow slavery. once he got back to Missouri Scott felt that his time in the free state and territory had granted him his freedom. The courts did not feel this way and voted against Scott. -
13th amendment
the 13th amendment abolished slavery. after the civil war the union had pushed to get it ratified and for the confederate states to return to the union they also had to ratify it. -
14th amendment
this amendment granted citizenship to any person born or naturalized in the United States. it also granted all citizens "equal protection of the laws". -
15th amendment
this amendment gave to right to vote to any male. meaning African Americans can now vote. many southern states did not particularly like this so they made sure it was not as easy as the white men. -
Plessy v Furguson
Louisiana made an act that segregated train cars, there was white only cars and black only cars. Plessy who was 7/8 Caucasian but still considered black, agreed to sit in the white only car to challenge the act. he was asked to leave but refused so he was arrested. His lawyer argued that the act was in violation of the 13th and 14th amendment. The court on the other hand voted against Plessy, the act was not in violation of the amendments. -
19th amendment
this amendment gave women the right to vote. there have been many protests to help get this right for all women in the united states. -
Brown v. Board of education
this type of case had been popping up in many states where children are denied admittance to schools based on their race. They all argued that the segregation laws were a violation on the 14th amendment but Plessy v. Ferguson's decision had made it easy for the lower courts to dismiss them, as long as both facilities were equal it was okay. the supreme court had another Idea and ruled to over turn Plessy v. Ferguson in support of brown and the other families. -
civil rights act of 1964
this act had ended segregation in public places it also banned employment discrimination. the southern states did not like this very much and opposed as much as they could but it eventually got ratified. an important figure who fought for this was Martin Luther King Jr. -
voting rights act of 1965
this outlawed any barriers states had in place to keep African Americans from voting. many southern states had put in to place literacy test. the act in the southern states was often ignored and not enforced. -
Reed v Reed
when their adoptive son had died they were separated and their sons estate needed and administrator. At the time Idaho did not allow single women be appointed administrator when there was a man. Mr. Reed had became the administrator but sally reed challenged the decision and argued the Idaho probate code was violating the 14th amendment. the court decision was unanimous the code did violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. -
Title IX
this prohibits discrimination based on sex in any educational programs and activities -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Bakke was a 35 year old white male who applied to the University of California medical school at Davis. The two times he applied he was rejected even though he had higher test scores and GPA than the minorities that were accepted. the school reserved 16 out of 100 spots for those minorities. He argued that by doing this they were violating the 14th amendment. The courts agreed with him in a way. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
this act prevents employers discriminate those who have a disability. the disability could be mental or physical, this act still protects equal employment opportunities. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
Groups of same-sex couples have sued their state agencies to challenge the ban or refusal to recognize same-sex marriages. The wanted to challenge the ban/refusal were violating the some of the 14th amendment. the supreme court decided that the bans and refusals were indeed unconstitutional.
