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confederate forces under General P.G.T. Beauregard bombard Major Robert Anderson and his Union soldiers at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War officially begins.
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Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation. It frees all slaves in territory captured by the Union Army, and orders the enlistment of black soldiers. From this point forward, the Civil War is a war over slavery.
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The United States Congress approves the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which abolish slavery.
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the black codes were laws passed by the southern states in 1865 and 1866 after the civil war. these laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages
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The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.
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He was a loyal leader of the black nationalism he is one of the largest organized mass movement
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Rules that the state laws requiring separation of the reaches are within the bonds of constitution as long as equal accommodation are made for African Americans
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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is to ensure the political,educational, social and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination
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This order authorized the evacuation of all persons deemed a threat to national security from the West Coast to relocation centers further inland
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Congress of Racial Equality is established by James farmer to improve racial relations and end discriminatory policies through direct action
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The justices ruled that a court may not constitutionally enforce a "restrictive covenant" which prevents people of certain race from owning or occupying property.
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was a landmark in United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
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This was spoken for all the rights of African Americans
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The Voting Rights Act is signed to let any one with any race to vote
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NOW was founded to fight politically for full equality between sexes
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On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray assassinates Martin Luther King, while he is standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. In outrage of the murder, many blacks take to the streets in a massive wave of riots across the U.S.
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held in Huston Texas calls for a host of reforms aimed at empowering women and providing them with equal opportunity
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After two years of debates, vetoes, and threatened vetoes, President Bush reverses himself and signs the Civil Rights Act of 1991, strengthening existing civil rights laws and providing for damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination.
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Obama was the first African American to be elected for president
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is a populist political movement that emerged through a series of locally and nationally-coordinated protests
