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13th Amendment
An amendment that declared "Neigther slavery nor involentary servitude, except as a punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duely convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.'" It formily abolisghed slavery in the United States. -
14th Amendment
It grantyed citizenship to, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States," which includes recently freed slaves. Also it forbids the state from denying any person "Life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." -
15th Amendment
Granted AfricanAmerican to the rights to vote by declaring the right for citizens to vote shall not be denied on an acount of race and color. Loop holes were found in pole taxes and literacy tests. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Plessey vs ferguson is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States provides men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." -
Executive Order of 1948
The order stated that "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin." -
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
It was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. The Montgomery Improvement Association coordinated the boycott, and its president, Martin Luther King, Jr. -
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat
By refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus in 1955, Rosa Parks helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States. The leaders of the local black community organized a bus boycott that began the day Parks was convicted of violating the segregation laws. Led by a young Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the boycott lasted more than a year—during which Parks not coincidentally lost her job—and ended only when the U.S. Su -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The act included a number of important provisions for the protection of voting rights. It established the Civil Rights Division, and gave federal officials the power to prosecute individuals that attempted to deny another citizens right to vote. Also, it created a six-member U.S. Civil Rights Commission which investigated voter infringement. -
24th Amendment
The United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. -
Voting Rights Act of 1956
It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
The 1968 Fair Housing Act banned discrimination in the sale and rental of 80 percent of housing. Also it had anti-riot provisions and protected people exercising specific rights.
