-
1003
John XVII
Event : the Egyptian ruler Hakim persecutes Christianity -
1003
John XVIII
led from 1003-1009 -
1009
Sergius IV
led from 1009-12
Event : Fatimid ruler Al-Hakim orders the destruction of the Christian basilica of the Sepulchre.
Event : Arabs destroy the church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem -
1100
Theodoric
led from 1100-1102
Event : England's king Henry I fights with Pope Pasquale II on the issue of lay investiture (the king elects the bishops) -
1102
Albert
led in 1102 -
1103
Event
the Danish king Erik Ejegod (Erik I) obtains that Lund become the archiepiscopal see for the whole of Scandinavia -
1105
Sylvester IV
-
1107
Event
the Concordat of London finds a compromise between England's king Henry I and Pope Pasquale II on the issue of lay investiture (the king elects the bishops) -
1198
Innocent III
led from 1198-1216 -
1200
Event
the Jews are expelled from England -
1204
Event
the Crusaders, led by Venezia, sack Constantinople, a Christian city -
1208
1208
pope Innocent III launches a crusade against the Catharist/Albigensian and the Waldensian heretics -
1216
Honorius III
led from 1216-26 -
1227
Gregory IX
1227-41 -
1294
Boniface VIII
1294-1303 -
1300
Event
Boniface VIII announces the first Jubilee Year, during which special indulgences are granted -
1302
Event
Boniface VIII's "Unam Sanctam" proclaims that it "is absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman pontiff" -
1303
Benedict XI
1303-4 -
1303
Event
The French king Philippe IV kidnaps pope Boniface VIII over the right to tax the French clergy -
1305
Clement V
1305-14 -
1389
Boniface IX
led from 1389-1404 -
1404
Innocent VII
1404-6 -
1410
Event
the Teutonic Knights are defeated by Jagiello's Polish-Lithuanian army at the battle of Tannenberg -
1414
Event
the Council of Constance assembles to settle the schism of the three popes Gregory XII, Benedict XIII and John XXIII -
1417
Event
the Council of Constance fires the three rival popes and chooses cardinal Oddone Colonna as Pope Martin V -
1423
Benedict XIII
1394-1423 -
1500
Event
Alexander VI appoints twelve new cardinals in return for huge payments -
1500
Event
European Jews divide into "Sephardim" (Spanish and Portuguese Jews) and "Askenazim" (German and Polish Jews) -
1500
Event
Cesare Borgia leads the Papal army to reconquer the old Papal states, and fight the Orsini and Colonna families -
1503
Julius II
led from 1503-13 -
1503
Pius III
-
1513
Leo X
led from 1513-21 -
Event
the philosopher Giordano Bruno is executed as an heretic in Rome for claiming that the universe is infinite -
Leo XI
led in 1605 -
Paul V
1605-21 -
Event
English pilgrims aboard the "Mayflower" land at Plymouth Rock on Cape Cod, Massachusetts -
Gregory XV
was pope from 1621-23 -
Event
200,000 Jews are slaughtered during the Russian invasion of Poland by Cossacks led by Bogdan Chmielnicki -
Event
the Jews are expelled from Wien (Vienna)