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Formal Operations
Abstract, complex thinking; hypothesis development -
Trust vs. Mistrust
Trust and hope are the desired outcomes; parental care is paramount. -
Sensorimotor
Exploring the world through the senses; object permanence -
Autonomy vs. Shame
Desire for independence; sense of vulnerability/shame . Significant relationship with parents. -
Initiative vs Guilt
Lots of "whys" desire for independence, children begin to become assertive and take initiative . Need to leave room for mistakes. Parents instrumental -
Preoperational
Use of manipulatives to understand their world, struggles with conservation; understands object permanence at this stage -
Industry vs Inferiority
Competence or feeling of inferiority as they relate to peers and others' expectations. School is very important at this stage and kids like to feel productive and succeed. They also juggle multiple activities. -
Concrete Operational
Kids understand conversation and reversibility. -
Identity vs Role Confusion
Who am I? Most significant relationship is with peers. Separation of identity from parents and learning healthy resolution to conflicts -
Early Adolesence
Struggle with sense of identity, peers extremely important, worries about being normal -
Middle Adolesence
15-16 years old, more physical changes, concerns about sexual attractiveness, high expectations and poor self concept -
Late Adolescence
17-19 years old; firmer identity, more stable emotions, think things through; career goals, i -
Intimacy vs Isolation
Deep relationships form if one has realized his/her own identity. If not, isolation occurs. -
Generativity vs Stagnation
One's legacy for future generations; imparting good values on offspring; either contributing to the future or living a stagnant existence. -
Integrity vs Despair
Self-refection on one's life. Either feel fulfilled with one's life or have regrets.