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500
Roman Catholic Church
Christianity became the supreme religion of the Roman Empire. As the official roman state fell apart the Christian church played an increasingly important role in the growth of the new European Civilization. By the end of the fourth century the Chrisitian church had developed a system of organization. -
500
The Byzantine Empire
During the fifth century, Germanic tribes moved into the western part of the Roman Empire and established their states. -
510
Clovis
He became the first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity. By 510, Clovis had established a powerful Frankish kingdom that stretched from the Pyrenees in the southwest to German lands in the east. -
527
Emperor Justinian
He became emperor of the eastern Roman Empire in 527. He was determined to reestablish the Roman Empire in the entire Meditterrean world. -
527
The Roman Empire
The Roman Empire in the East was centered in Constantinople. A serious challenge to the Eastern Roman Empire came from the rise of Islam, which unified Arab groups and created a powerful new force that swept through the Eastern Roman Empire. Islamic forces defeated an army of the Eastern Roman Empire at Yarmuk in 636. -
Jan 1, 610
Prophet Muhammed recieves his first message
Muhammed recvieved revelations from God. According to the Islamic teachings, the messages were given by the angel Gabriel. He came to believe that Allah had already revealed himself through Moses and Jesus. -
Jan 1, 622
Hijrah
Hijrah is the journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah. It became year one in the offical calender of Islam. Muhammad soon began to win over the people in Madinah and in Bedouin tribes in the surrounding countryside, thus creating the first communitiy of practicing Muslims. -
Jan 1, 632
Abu Bakr becomes first Caliph
He was chosen to become the leader by some of Muhammad's closest followers. He was Muhammad's father in law and he was named Caliph and successor to Muhammad. The Islamic movement began to grow and the Muslims expanded over Arabia and beyond. -
Jan 1, 661
Umayyads
The Mu'awiyah, the govenor of Syria became caliph. He established the Umayyad Dynasty and moved the capital from Madinah to Damascus in Syria. Arab armies defeated and converted the Berbers. They combined Berber and Arab forces crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and occupied southern Spain. -
Jan 1, 661
Damascus-Center of the Muslim World
Damascus was the nwew capital for Arabs in Syria in 661. -
Jan 1, 750
Golden Age of Islamic Society
Trade flourished under the Abbasid Dynasty. From south of the Sahara, came gold and slaves; from China, silk and porcelain; from Eastern Africa, gold and ivory; and from southeast Asia and India, sandlewood and spices. Baghdad was probably the greatest city in the Abbasid Empire and in the world. The muslims invented the astrolabe, which was an instrument used by sailors to determine their location based on the stars and planets. -
Jan 1, 762
Baghdad-Center of the Muslim World
Baghdad was the Abbasid capital on the Tigris River. It was a caravan route from the Mediterranean Sea to Central Asia. -
Jan 1, 762
Abassid
In 750, Abu al-Abbas, a descendent of Muhammad's uncle, overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty and set up the Abbasid. In 762, they built a new capital at the of Baghdad. It was well placed on the caravan route from the Mediterranean Sea to central Asia. The ninth century was known for the caliphs of the time, Harun al-Rashid, whose reign is often described at the Golden age of the Abbasid caliphate. The Arabs now controlled trade routes to the east. -
Jan 1, 1055
Seljuk Turks
The Seljuk Turks were nomadic people from Central Asia. They converted to Islam and prospered as soldiers for the Abbasid caliphate. As the Abbasids grew weak, the Seljuk Turks grew stronger. After they captured Baghdad, the Seljuk Turks held the real military power of the state. -
Oct 14, 1066
Battle Of Hastings
King Harold was defeated by William of Normandy and he was crowned king of England. -
Oct 14, 1066
William Of Normandy
He landed his army on the coast of England and defeated King Harold and his soldiers , the battle of Hastings. Was then crowned king of England. Combined Anglo- Saxon and Norman institutions to create New England. -
Jan 1, 1099
Pope Urban II
The push for the Crusades came when the Byzantine emperor Alexius I asked the Euroelp against the Sejuk Turks, who were muslims. Pope Urban II saw an opportunity to provide popal leadership for a great cause. That cause was rallying the warriors of Europe for the liberations of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims. -
Jan 1, 1099
Crusades
From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, European christians carried out a series of military expeditions known as the Crusades. The first crusade was the only successful one where crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099. But by the 1120s, the Muslims had struck back and Jerusalem fell to Muslim forces under Saladin. -
Jan 1, 1215
Magna Carta
Many English nobles resented the ongoing growth of the king's power and rose in rebellion during the reign of King John. At Runnymede in 1215, John was forced to put his seal on a document of rights called the Magna Carta. -
Jan 7, 1215
King John
Many English Nobles resented the growing power of the king and rebeled against King John. he was forced to put his seal on a document of rights called the Magna Carta. -
Sep 16, 1216
Magna Carta
A document of rights, the great charter.Gave written recognition to the fact that vassals and kings relationship was based on mutual rights .Used in later years to give the king limited not absolute power. -
Jan 1, 1258
The Mongols in the Middle East
The Mongols were a pastoral people who left the Gobi Desert in the early thirteenth century to take control over much of the world. Beginning with the advances led by Genghis Khan in North China, their armies spread across central Asia. in 1258, under the leadership of Hulegu, the Mongols seized Persia and Mesopotamia. Hulegu had a strong hatred of Islam and in 1258, he decided to capture, and destroy the city of Baghdad. -
Jan 1, 1258
Cairo-Center of the Muslim World
Cairo became the center of Islamic civilzation after the destruction of Baghdad in 1258. -
Jan 1, 1300
Spanish Inquisition
Dominic de Guzman wanted to defend church teachings from heresy- the denial of basic church doctrines. The Church's desire to have a method of discovering and dealing with heretics led to the creation of a court called the Inquisiton, or Holy Office. The job of this court was to find and try heretics and find a regular procedure to deal with them. -
Jan 1, 1347
The Black Death
It was the most devastating natural disaster in European history. It was spread by black rats infested with fleas carrying a deadly bacterium. Italian merchants brought the plague with them from Caffa in October 1347. Out of a total European population of 75 million, as many as 38 million people died of the plague between 1347 and 1351. -
Holy Roman Empire
In return for protecting the pope, Otto I was crowned emperor of the Romans in 962.
As leaders of a new Roman Empire, the German Kings attemoted to rule both German and Italian lands. Instead of building a strong German kingdom, Kings Frederick I and Frederick II tried to create a new kind of empire -
Charlemagne
He became the ruler of the Frankish Kingdom in 768. He was a determined and decisive man who was highly intellegent and curious. Although he was unable to read and write, he was a wise patron of learning. He greatly expanded the territory of the Frankish Kingdom and created what came to be known as the Carolingian Empire.
